1 / 25

Anthropometric Concomitants of Physical Performance

Anthropometric Concomitants of Physical Performance. Somatotype. William Sheldon Photoscopic ratings based on listed criteria Endomorphy – Mesomorphy – Ectomorphy Ratings 1 to 7 3-4-3, 1-1-7, 2-6-2. Somatotype. Heath-Carter Anthropometric system :

fairly
Download Presentation

Anthropometric Concomitants of Physical Performance

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Anthropometric Concomitants of Physical Performance

  2. Somatotype William Sheldon Photoscopic ratings based on listed criteria Endomorphy – Mesomorphy – Ectomorphy Ratings 1 to 7 3-4-3, 1-1-7, 2-6-2

  3. Somatotype Heath-Carter Anthropometric system: • Endomorphy (the first component) refers to relative fatness in physique. • Mesomorphy (the second component) refers to relative development of the musculo-skeletal system. • Ectomorphy (the third component) refers to relative linearity of physique. • Ratings 0.5 to >7

  4. Predicting Performance,Size or Shape? • Olympic male javelin throwers and gymnasts • Same somatotype, different size

  5. Sport Specificity of Physique • Age, Height & Weight • Throwers and Distance Runners older than Sprinters and Jumpers • Maximum muscle mass is not achieved until about 23 or 24 years of age • Maturational differences • Maturation may enhance or detract from performance • Limbs become proportionally longer • Strength to mass changes

  6. Sport Specificity of Physique • Many sport or activity specific requirements or consequences of training are predictable • Overload principle • Muscle and bone respond dynamically to mechanical stress or lack of it • Tennis player racquet arm larger muscle and bone width • Genetic • height for basketball and high jumping • late maturing for female gymnasts

  7. Weight TrainingGreater potential for hypertrophy in the upper body

  8. Sprinters • Muscle Power • Large muscles • High % fast twitch • African-American, Caribbean dominance • Proportionally long limbs? • Narrow hips?

  9. Marathoner 1904 • Low weight • Small muscles • No arm muscle • Calves well developed but not large • Exceptional cardio-respiratory delivery and oxygen utilization systems 2002

  10. Cylist • Lower body dominant muscle development • Size and requirements vary with event • Track sprinters • Often crossover of athletes with speed skating • Tour de France

  11. Rowers • Tall with proportionally long limbs • Although musculature shows no particular pattern the Humerus (elbow) width disproportionately large in relation to femur width in every rower measured at the 1976 Olympic Games

  12. Swimmers • Fat athletes? • Cold water • None weight bearing • Physique requirements different for each event • Ian Thorpe multiple freestyle Olympic and World Champion had size 17 feet Australian breaststroker disconsolate after hearing she is a fat athlete and that her taller freestyle team mate wants to use her as a chin rest

  13. Gymnasts • Female gymnasts • Pre-pubertal • Small • Proportionally short limbs • High strength to mass ratio • Male gymnasts • Mature • Small • Proportionally short limbs • High strength to mass ratio

  14. Ice Skating Requirements: Technical Skills – Quadruple Spin Jumps Artistry – Interpretation of the music Elvis Stojko Emanuel Sandhu

  15. Ice Hockey • Fast twitch fibres • Lower body muscle development • Maximum muscle mass reached at about 23 to 24 years of age • Big 18 and 19 year olds brought into the NHL and who are expected to hit and be hit invariably have lingering back injuries in their 20’s

  16. Predicting Strength • Best indicator of muscle strength is cross-sectional area of muscle Force X-sectional Area

  17. Ga = G - (Πx S) S Where Ga = skinfold-adjusted girth G = measured girth (cm) S = skinfold thickness (cm) Π = 3.14 G Ga • Assumes: • limb is perfectly circular with muscle as a perfect circle concentric to an annulus of subcutaneous adipose tissue • Depth of the annulus S is equal to the measured skinfold thickness

  18. Max Grip Strength vs Skinfold adjusted Forearm GirthKin 303 Students

  19. Previous Kin 303 Project • Heel raises vs S.A. Calf Girth (r=0.95) in untrained university males • Good range in size • Highly standardized test • Small skill component • Motivation • Restricted Training Level • The more standardized the strength test the better the relationship with muscle size

  20. Quantification of Performance • Are the units of measurement those of the quality supposedly being assessed? • Standing Broad Jump • Distance jumped – Power test • Flexed Arm Hang • Time hanging – Muscular endurance test • Maximal Oxygen Uptake • l/min or ml/kg/min – Maximum rate of oxygen use

  21. Standing Broad Jump • Distance Jumped • Muscular Power • Body Weight • Height of Centre of Gravity • Angle of Take-Off • Skill - Arm Swing • Motivation

  22. Flexed Arm Hang • Time that set position is maintained • Muscular Endurance • Unequal test • People of different weights • Composition of weight may vary

More Related