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Programme Interdépartemental

Programme Interdépartemental. P rogramme sur l’ A val du C ycle et l’ E nergie N ucléaire - Programme on the backend of the fuel cycle and on nuclear energy. The voice of CNRS in the field of nuclear energy must be enforced! an issue of societal dimension!

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Programme Interdépartemental

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  1. Programme Interdépartemental Programmesur l’Aval du Cycle et l’EnergieNucléaire - Programme on the backend of the fuel cycle and on nuclear energy

  2. The voice of CNRS in the field of nuclear energy must be enforced! an issue of societal dimension! • Our credibility is not yet at the level of the perception of our competence.

  3. CNRS - PACEN – Objectives, Organisation, Community • I) Strong implication in the support of the french strategy. • In 6 GNR (« groupement nationale de recherche ») with CEA, ANDRA, IRSN, BRGM, EDF, AREVA. • II) Direct collaborations of the reserach laboratories with the actors of nuclear industry • GL ANDRA, contracts with industry • III) European collaboration of CNRS and Universities • 7th FWP/EURATOM • Member of european technology platforms SNE-TP and IGD-TP • Teaching: member of ENEN . • IV) Science beyond the national strategy • 4 “Programmes Communs de Recherche” : the PCRs in international collaboration : thorium fuel cycle, molten salt reactors, accelerators of protons and ADS, project MYRRHA, social sciences

  4. PACEN Objectives : • Mobilisation of the academic competences • Three themes • Futur nuclear energy (Scenarios, futur reactors, recycling, transmutation, innovant materials) GNR GEDEPEON, PARIS, MATINEX – PCR APHIT, ANSF, GUTEC • Management of nuclear waste (Materials of confinement, nuclear waste disposal, environnemental questions) GNR FORPRO, TRASSE, PARIS, MOMAS, MATINEX – PCR GUTEC • Nuclear energy and society PCR ACSSON

  5. The community of PACEN • A large spectrum of scientific disciplines • Nuclear physics • Radiochemistry • Physical chemistry • Earth sciences • Mathematics • Engineering • Social sciences • In total more than 100 groupes are mobilised in 250 projects in programmes with quadri-annual conventions • With >20 annual workshops often between many GNR, • > 50 PhD thesis • Project bi- or tri-party CNRS/CNRS, CNRS/University or engineering schools, • About 50% of the projects in bi-party CNRS/CEA for GEDEPEON, PARIS and MATINEX

  6. New direction B. Grambow assisted by S. David, C.O. Bacri

  7. How can the CNRS fullfill its mission to contribute with its research on nuclear energy and waste to societal decisions? Scientific approach to answer the questions of the laws n nuclear energy and wastes of 2005 and 2006

  8. Faisability MSR/ thorium Scenarios Optimisation energy Storage, disposal Transmutation ressources Technological choices and criteria: FBR only or FBR+ADS Disposal or transmutation minor actinides Criteres: energy+risk actinides short/long term risk individuel/collectiv risk economie/ressources Radionuclide migration Contribution transmutation Geosphere +reference volume Separation: Ioniic liquids+ Molten salts Actions in Social sciences +nuclear energy Waste properties International programmes MYRRAH etc. Faisability ADS, complementarity ASTRID/ADS Calculation methods Nuclear materials: ceramics/metals Interim storage? Avances Treatement separation Road-map vers ADS/RNR State of the Art disposal Decision prototype ADS Decision management MA diposal cold? Irreversible disposal In reduced volume Fin 2012 2015 2020 2025 2050 2150 Report Separation/ transmutation Pilot: CEA Begin Reversible disposal Construct FBR-Na prototype Interim storage for 2nd site Irreversible disposal Report ANDRA for public Debat exploitation FBR-Na Decision Prototype FBR-Na Decision stockage

  9. Theme 1 of PACENFutur nuclear energy (Scenarios, futur reactors, transmutationrecycling, innovant materials) GEDEPEON – APHIT – ANSF - PARIS - MATINEX reactors accelerators molten salt reprocessing materials scenarios reactors ceramics metals

  10. Double strata Strategy FBR or LWR Electrogen strata 89% of installed power Used MOX storage : Strategic stock UOX Pu PF + losses « light wastes »: PF + losses Pu+AM • MYRRHA • Experimental ADS demonstrator (57 MWth, keff=0.95, MOX-PbBi) • Flexible irradiation tool • (fuel, materials, isotopes) • Proton accelerator (600 MeV, 2.5-4 mA) (IPNO) Am+Cm+… Installed power 32 ADS of 400 MWth Pu+Am+Cm+… Concept ADS 400 MWth low power= large number of ADS gas : low power density= high inventory of minor actinides, studies of CNRS ADS Sodium 2-3 GWth : reduction of number of ADS and of AM inventory S. David,scénarios, aspects socioéconomiques, ressources, audition CNE 09 février 2011

  11. Double strata scenarios of transmutation of minor actinides using ADS • Weakness of ADS scenarios: • Important number of ADS-> costs • Large inventory of minor AN • Idea • Increase beam intensity/energy • Increase keff • Increase power density • Increase irradiation time

  12. Some evolutions in orientations • Integrate the « risk dimension » in the approach additionally to that of « radiotoxicity » • Integrate the project ASTRID of CEA and the complementarity with the ADS more strongly in our reflexions • Already today >10 projects on the subjet treated in GEDEPEON and MATINEX • A synthetic report for mid-2012

  13. Theme 2 of PACENManagement of nuclear waste(Matrices of confinement, geological disposal, environmental questions) FORPRO – TRASSE – PARIS - MOMAS - MATINEX geology transfers in interfaces calcul confinement environment waste matrices radionuclides

  14. Disposal of nuclearwaste • Inventories of long-lived radionuclides require isolation for 100000 years for whatever reactor and fuel cycle scenario • Geological disposal is unavoidable • Geological disposal is best solution for fission products • Transmutation is no solution for principal FP like 135Cs, 137Cs, 129I • Feasability of disposal in clay is principally demonstrated : • Clay barriers stable and tight, blocking water circulation • Only slow diffusion over >105 yr allows mass transfer of a small fraction of soluble and mobile radionuclides to biosphere • A principal result of radiochemistry: Actinides (carriers of toxicity) are immobile due to low solubility and strong sorption • 36Cl, 129I and 79Se are the principal carrier of long term risks form disposal

  15. Relative radiotoxicityof water and wasterelatedto limit of 0.25 mSv/an biosphere TRASSE 1E-6 1E-5 ANDRA 2005 500 m calcaire… 70 m FORPRO Ion exclusion/diffusion 2E-10 M Relative toxicity (estimation) Se79 Am241 argilite Recosy 0.02 Redox Se 2 m TRASSE Sorption/diffusion 1E-13 M 0.02 EDZ PARIS Redox Se 2E4 1 m Solubilité 1E-9 M 0.1 PARIS FORPRO SKIN Dissolution Container H2,CO2… MATINEX 0.3 m Relative toxicity Am241 Se79 Wastematrix 3E14 1E11 8E7 >1E-10 8E7 8E7 8E7 4E7 NFPRO, MICADO 1000 yr 10000 yr 100000 yr 1000000 yr

  16. Theme 3 Nuclear energy and societyFinancing 100% CNRS ACCSON

  17. Aspects technico-économiques, ressources An original interdisciplinary work physics / economy / earth sciences A first result: whatever there resource of Uranium, there does not seem to be a real competition between the reactors of 3rd and 4th generation. It is the total demand which is changed, not the ratio Gen3 / Gen4. S. David,scénarios, aspects socioéconomiques, ressources, audition CNE 09 février 2011

  18. Conclusions • The CNRS is requested to contribute to the decisions in 2012 on the transmutation, on the public debate relative to geological disposal in 2013 and on the decisions on geological disposal in 2015 • The mobilisation of physical and social sciences in an interdisciplinary manner provides a credible base line for an original approach • We need to maintain and enforce the partenerships with the industrial groups • We need to strengthen our capacity for synthesis: • Scenarios are the fundaments for our evaluations

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