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THE BEAUTIFUL EARTH! (5.2, G.3, G.4)

THE BEAUTIFUL EARTH! (5.2, G.3, G.4). By: Monica Gapud. 5.2 The Greenhouse Effect. Carbon is constantly recycled Photosynthesis Combustion of forests Cellular resp Fossil fuels. The Carbon Cycle. The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect.

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THE BEAUTIFUL EARTH! (5.2, G.3, G.4)

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  1. THE BEAUTIFUL EARTH!(5.2, G.3, G.4) By: Monica Gapud

  2. 5.2 The Greenhouse Effect • Carbon is constantly recycled • Photosynthesis • Combustion of forests • Cellular resp • Fossil fuels

  3. The Carbon Cycle

  4. The Enhanced Greenhouse Effect • Sunlight enters atmosphere b/c gases are transparent to light • Sunlight reflects off Earth’s surface & back out • Some of light energy  heat energy & warms the Earth • Greenhouse gases retain some heat & trap it in the atmosphere • Earth’s natural g. house effect = atmosphere is warmer than space

  5. What are the greenhouse gasses? • Carbon • Methane • Cattle ranching, waste disposal in landfills, production & distrib. of natural gas • Oxides of nitrogen • Produced by human activities; burning fossil fuels, organic/commercial fertilizers, industrial processes (prod. of nitric acid) • Low concentration = prevents too much heat retention

  6. Effects of Global Warming…? • Increase in photosynthetic rates • Changes in climates, ecosystems • Extinction of certain species • Melting glaciers • Rise in sea level= flooding of coastal areas

  7. The Precautionary Principle • An ethical theory which says that action should be taken to prevent harm even if there’s not sufficient data to prove that the activity will have severe negative consequences

  8. Draw the Carbon Cycle !

  9. G.3 Impact of Humans of Ecosystems • Biological diversity; • Richness - # of diff organisms in a part. area • Evenness – how the quantity of each diff. organism compares with the other • Simpson diversity index – measures the amount of diversity in a part. area • D = diversity index • N = total # of org. in eco. • n = # of individ. of each species Remember the equation?

  10. Time to Calculate ! • Did the forest of jungle have more diversity? • Forest: D=4.29 • Jungle: D=6.14 • THE JUNGLE HAS MORE DIVERSITY because of its higher # of species

  11. Why Conserve Biodiversity? • Economic • Ecological • Ethical • Aesthetic

  12. Arguments Against Conservation • Alien species disrupts communities and out-compete native species reducing biodiversity. • Examples? • Kudzu • Zebra Mussels • Prickly Pear

  13. Impact of Alien Species • Interspecific competition: out-competing other species • Predation: eating another species • Species extinction: out-compete  extinction of native species

  14. Biological control- idea of using a natural predator to control unwanted or invasive species • Purple loosestrife • Red fire ants • Biomagnification- process by which chemical substances become more concetrated at each trophic level • DDT

  15. Effects of UV Rays • Non-lethal skin cancer • Lethal skin cancer • Mutation of DNA • Sunburn • Cataracts • Reduced biological productivity

  16. Ozone layer • “protective sunscreen for planet” • Absorbs UV radiation • Formed in stratosphere when O2 breaks apart & reacts with another oxygen mol. to form ozone • CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) • Thinning of ozone layer

  17. G.4 Conservation of Biodiversity • Indicator species- sensitive to enviro. change • Lichens; sensitive to pollution • Macroinvertabrates; presence or absence can be used to judge water quality • Biotic index

  18. Nature Reserves • Determinations of size • Edge effect • Corridors • Management of Conserv. Areas • Restoration • Recovery of threatened species • Removal of introduced species • Legal protection against development or pollution • Funding & prioritizing

  19. In Situ Conservation Methods • Placing endangered species in the situation where they belong • Goals? • Protect species by maintaining habitat • Defends target species from predators • Removes invasive species • Large area= maintain large pop. • Large pop= maintain genetic diversity

  20. Ex Situ Conservation Method • Last resort • Captive breeding • Increase reprod. output to ensure survival of offspring • Artificial insemination • Embryo transfer • Cryogenics • Human raised young • Keeping a pedigree • HOWEVER, spread of disease & disadv. in wild • Botanical gardens • Seed banks

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