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Body Temperature and Blood Glucose

Body Temperature and Blood Glucose. Sun Hwa Dong. Control of Body temperature. Hypothalamus monitors temp. and compares it with a set point (around 37°C ) Lower/ higher – send messages (carried out by neurons) to body parts for response – temp. back → Negative Feedback

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Body Temperature and Blood Glucose

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  1. Body Temperature and Blood Glucose Sun Hwa Dong

  2. Control of Body temperature • Hypothalamus monitors temp. and compares it with a set point (around 37°C ) • Lower/ higher – send messages (carried out by neurons) to body parts for response – temp. back → Negative Feedback • Responses affect: heat production and loss rate, rate of heat transfer between body parts in blood

  3. Responses to Overheating • Wider skin arterioles ∴ blood flows through skin ↑ • Blood transfers heat from body core to skin • Skin temp. ↑ ∴ heat loss ↑ • Skeletal muscles rest ∴no heat generation • Sweat glands secret sweat ∴ skin surface becomes damp + water evaporates = cooling effect

  4. Responses to Chilling • Narrower skin arterioles ∴ ↓ blood flow • Blood capillaries in skin do not move but ↓ blood flow • Skin temp ↓ ∴ heat loss ↓ • Many small, rapid contractions of skeletal muscles that generates heat - Shivering • Sweat glands do not secret sweat ∴dry skin

  5. Control of Blood Glucose • Blood Glucose concentration kept between 4-8 millimoles per dm3 of blood • Low/ high - cells in pancreas monitor concentration – send hormone messages to target organs • Responses by organs affect rate at which glucose is loaded into blood or unloaded from it • Negative Feedback

  6. Responses to High Blood Glucose Levels • Beta cells produce insulin – it stimulates liver and muscle cells to absorb glucose and convert it to glycogen • Granules of glycogen stored in cytoplasm • Other cells are stimulated to absorb glucose and use it for cell respiration - ↓ BGL

  7. Responses to Low Blood Glucose Levels • Alpha cells produce glucagons – it stimulates liver cells to break glycogen down into glucose – release it into blood • ↑ BGL

  8. Diabetes • When blood glucose controlling does not work well thus the concentration rises or falls beyond normal limits

  9. Vocabulary • Hypothalamus • Negative feedback • Blood glucose • Alpha cells: Alpha cells are endocrinecells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. • Beta cells: Beta cells (beta-cells, β-cells) are a type of cell in the pancreas in areas called the islets of Langerhans. • Insuline • Glycogen • glucagon • Diabetes

  10. Bibliography • Study guide pg 55 • Course Companion pg

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