Recognizing Authors’ Writing Patterns

1. Recognizing Authors’ Writing Patterns Pgs. 395-411

2. TYPES OF WRITING PATTERNS • LIST/SEQUENCEPATTERN: A group of items presented in an order SIGNAL WORDS FOR LISTING PATTERN: • AND, ALSO, ANOTHER, IN ADDITION, FIRST, SECOND, FINALLY, ETC.

3. From Economics Textbook Generally speaking, corporations finance their activity in three different ways. First, a large portion of a corporation’s activity is financed internally out of undistributed corporate profits. Second, like individuals or unincorporated businesses, corporations may borrow from financial institutions. For example, a small corporation which wants to build a new plant or warehouse may obtain the funds from a commercial bank, a savings and loan institution, or an insurance company. Also, unique to corporations, common stocks and bonds can be issued.

4. From Economics Textbook Generally speaking, corporations finance their activity in three different ways. First, a large portion of a corporation’s activity is financed internally out of undistributed corporate profits. Second, like individuals or unincorporated businesses, corporations may borrow from financial institutions. For example, a small corporation which wants to build a new plant or warehouse may obtain the funds from a commercial bank, a savings and loan institution, or an insurance company. Also, unique to corporations, common stocks and bonds can be issued.

5. TYPES OF WRITING PATTERNS • DEFINITIONPATTERN: Pattern presenting the meaning of an important term discussed throughout a passage. SIGNAL WORDS FOR DEFINITION PATTERN: • is defined as, means, is known as, refers to, the term, is called, punctuation marks

6. Another sensitive issue concerning primarily women in the work place is sexual harassment which refers to the obvious request for sexual favors with an implicit reward or punishment related to work, or the more subtle creation of a sexist environment in which employees are made to feel uncomfortable by off-color jokes, lewd remarks, or posturing. Some women have reported bosses threatening to fire them if they do not let them touch them inappropriately. Other women have reported fellow employees who have wiggled their tongue at them and made obscene hip gestures.

7. Another sensitive issue concerning primarily women in the work place is sexual harassment which refers to the obvious request for sexual favors with an implicit reward or punishment related to work, or the more subtle creation of a sexist environment in which employees are made to feel uncomfortable by off-color jokes, lewd remarks, or posturing. Some women have reported bosses threatening to fire them if they do not let them touch them inappropriately. Other women have reported fellow employees who have wiggled their tongue at them and made obscene hip gestures.

8. TYPES OF WRITING PATTERNS • COMPARISON-CONTRAST PATTERN: similarities between two or more things are presented, differences between two or more things are presented. SIGNAL WORDS FOR COMPARE/CONTRAST PATTERN: Similarly, Likewise Both, Same Also, On the other hand In contrast, However, Whereas, Although, Nevertheless

9. The outstanding characteristics of oil paint is that it dries very slowly. This creates both advantages and disadvantages for the artist. On one hand, it means that the painting can be worked in an almost infinite number of consistencies from very thick to very thin. Also, colors can blended very subtly. On the other hand, these same assets can be a liability when the artist is pressed for time. Oil paint dries so slow that it may be weeks before the painting is set. This is also an issue because sometimes painters need to paint over part of a picture without the paint blending together.

10. The outstanding characteristics of oil paint is that it dries very slowly. This creates both advantages and disadvantages for the artist. On one hand, it means that the painting can be worked in an almost infinite number of consistencies from very thick to very thin. Also, colors can blended very subtly. On the other hand, this same assess can be a liability when the artist is pressed for time. Oil paint dries so slow that it may be weeks before the painting is set. This is also an issue because sometimes painters need to paint over part of a picture without the paint blending together.

11. TYPES OF WRITING PATTERNS • CAUSE-EFFECT PATTERN: Reasons and results of events or conditions are presented. SIGNAL WORDS FOR CAUSE-EFFECTS PATTERN: Because, the reasons, causes, is due to, therefore, consequently, thus, as a consequence, led to, as a result

12. A number of companies have also instituted employee assistance programs for employees with personal problems including drug or alcohol problems. The effects of these programs have resulted in reduced absenteeism by 66 percent, reduced health-care cost by 86 percent, reduced sickness by 33 percent, and reduced work-related accidents by 65 percent. Employees are given in-house counseling or are referred to treatment programs if needed. Consequently, employers and employees are happier and more productive.

13. A number of companies have also instituted employee assistance programs for employees with personal problems including drug or alcohol problems. The effects of these programs have resulted in reduced absenteeism by 66 percent, reduced health-care cost by 86 percent, reduced sickness by 33 percent, and reduced work-related accidents by 65 percent. Employees are given in-house counseling or are referred to treatment programs if needed. Consequently, employers and employees are happier and more productive.

14. TYPES OF WRITING PATTERNS: • Most articles contain a mix of several patterns