Mikko A. Uusitalo WWRF chair Mikko.a.uusitalo@nokia

1. THE WIRELESS WORLD RESEARCH FORUM - GLOBAL VISIONS OF A WIRELESS WORLD Mikko A. Uusitalo WWRF chair Mikko.a.uusitalo@nokia.com

2. Shaping the Global Wireless Future • Develop common global vision for future wireless to drive research and standardization • Influencing decision makers’ views of the wireless world • Enabling powerful R&D collaborations • Advancing wireless frontiers to serve our customers WWRF ·

3. WWRF - Objectives and scope • Major objectives • develop a consistent vision of the future Wireless World • generate, identify, and promote research and trends • identify and assess the potential of new technologies and trends • contribute to the definition of research programs • ease future standardization by harmonizing and disseminating views • Scope • concentrate on the definition of research items • open to all actors WWRF ·

4. WWRF Strategy Jan 2005 • Maintain status as the global leading platform for creating and disseminating visions for B3G • Enhance communication inside and outside of WWRF • Influence the creation and direction of research programs globally • Invite new valuable contributions from academia & ITC industry • Get maximum appreciation and visibility for our deliverables • Harmonize approach to B3G • Concentrate on deliverables – and certify them in Vision Committee • System concept with high-level architecture • White papers • WWRF briefings • Support convergence of digital industries WWRF ·

5. WWRF Deliverables • Input: Contributions to meetings and working groups • Output deliverables: • White Papers and WWRF Briefings on different topics • Book of Visions, most recent one ‘Technologies for the Wireless Future’ published Nov 2004 by Wiley • IEEE Communication Magazine theme issue Sept 04 • Reply to ITU-R Questionnaire on Service View Jan 05 • Other books and articles etc. WWRF ·

6. 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2020 2003 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 … 2020 2003 2001 2002 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 … 2020 Global context towards the Wireless World Framework Services View / Market Analysis Requirements & Radio Framework WRC07 WRC03 Spectrum Estimation Identification Specifications referenced ITU-R Research towards WW started Enhancements Global Research activities towards a Wireless World International Research Programs Prototypes / Concept Integration Close interworking with other organisations WWRF Milestones & Activities 4 1 2 3 5 6 7 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2020 Preparation of the Book of Visions 2001 Set of white papers and work on reference models Preparation of the next Book of Visions = Milestone High level requirements for the Wireless World 1 • First Book of Visions published • Set of initial white papers and work on • reference models • Draft Book of Visions with current versions of the Vision, White Papers, and Reference Model • High level view for future services and applications • Ideas for future Wireless World system concept • Updated Vision, Reference model and White Papers • System concept with high-level architecture • Consensus document defining the concept for future Wireless World • Review of the Wireless World • Vision for 2020 5 2 3 6 7 4 WWRF ·

7. WWRF membership More than 150 member organisations • They belong to the • manufacturer domain • network operator domain • academic domain • one regulator • & R&D centers • They come from four continents • America • Asia • Australia • Europe WWRF ·

8. WWRF Sponsor Members • Lucent • Motorola • NEC • Nokia • Nortel • Raytheon • Samsung • Siemens • Vodafone • Alcatel • Bell Canada • Ericsson • EURESCOM • France Telecom • Huawei • IBM • Intel • LGE WWRF Vision Committee Heidelberg, April 2004 WWRF ·

9. WWRF structure Chair General Assembly Secretariat Vision Committee Steering Board Management Team SIG1: Spectrum Topics WG1: User Perspective and Service Concepts WG3: Cooperative & Ad-Hoc Networks WG4: New Radio Interfaces, Relay-based Systems & Smart Antennas WG5: Short-range Radio Communication Systems WG2: Service Architecture WG6: Reconfigurability SIG2: Security and Trust SIG3: Self-Organization in Wireless World Systems WWRF ·

10. Key principles for WWRF vision • Users are in control through intuitive interactions with applications, services and devices • Services and applications are personalized, ambient-aware, and adaptive (I-centric) - ubiquitous from the point of view of the user • Seamlessservices to users, groups of users, communities and machines (autonomously communicating devices) irrespective of place and network and with agreed quality of service • Users, application developers, service and content providers, network operators and manufacturers can create efficiently and flexibly new services and business models based on the component-based open architecture of the wireless world • There is awareness of, and access to, appropriate levels of reliability, security and trustworthiness, in the wireless world WWRF ·

11. Some challenges for the future wireless world 1/2 Starting point in addition to the key principles of vision : Humans • Interest in semantic • Need to control and communicate as a prolongation of their human senses This leads to the following challenges: I-, user- and group-centric challenges • Exceed user expectations in terms of simplicity and functionality • Enhance user experience through effortless, intuitive communication and information browsing and retrieval applications, featuring: • Natural interfaces, using all appropriate senses • Intelligence, context awareness and adaptiveness • High degree of personalization • Manage conflict between diversity (of needs) and simplicity (of appropriation) • Experienced added value exceeds cost Device-centric challenges • Creation and trial of many innovative devices (communicating objects) • Autonomously communicating devices • Nuts and bolts : weight, size, battery life, displays and audio quality…. WWRF ·

12. Some challenges for the future wireless world 2/2 Service-centric challenges • Seamless services irrespective of place and network and with agreed quality of service • Support innovative applications (e.g. mobile multimedia, communicating objects) • Efficient and flexible service and business model creation -> component-based open architecture and platform, generic service elements System-centric challenges • Independent evolution of different layers, e.g. services and networks • E2E security, scalability, reconfigurability and manageability • Requirements from convergence of digital industries • IPv6 and beyond Access Network –centric challenges • Transparent, seamless and secure access across any access networks (short or long range, relayed, multiple hops, ad hoc) • Connect a trillion devices, including machine-to-machine and sensor networks • More efficient air interfaces and spectrum use, much higher bit rates, ubiquitous coverage • All-IP architecture and beyond • Flexibility, cognitive radio, self-managed systems WWRF ·

13. Current White Papers and Briefings (1/2) • WG1 • Scenarios • Reference Model • User Interfaces • User-Centred Design Process • Service Taxonomy and Evolution • WG2 • Terminology (basic terms for WG2) • Business Model • Personalization • Ambient Awareness • Adaptability • Generic Service Elements and Enabling Technologies • Requirements for Future Service Architecture • Service Architecture • WG3 • Vision and Roadmap (cooperative networks) • Research Challenges and Priorities • Architectural Principles • Network Component Technologies • Ad Hoc Networking • Flexible Control Space Architectures • Personal Networks and Private PANs • Interworking of Networks for Service Delivery • WG4 • New Air Interfaces: Requirements and Solutions • BB Frequency Domain –Based Air Interfaces • Smart Antennas • Relay-based Deployment Concepts • Duplexing, Resource Allocation and Inter-Cell Coordination • Channel Measurement and Modelling • Meshing for Relay-based Deployment Concepts • Multi-hop Protocols for Relay WWRF ·

14. Current White Papers and Briefings (2/2) • WG5 • Ultra Wideband • MIMO-OFDM in TDD Mode • New Radio Interfaces for Short Range • Pervasive UWB Radio Systems • System Architecture • Sensor Networks • WBAN/WSN • High Throughput • Implementation Issues • 60+ GHz • SIG1 • Spectrum for Future Mobile & Wireless Communications • WG6 (R = reconfigurability) • Scenarios, Requirements and Roadmaps • Element management, flexible air-interfaces, SDR • Network Architectures and Support Services • Cognitive radio, spectrum and RRM • Business Models and Sustainability • Management and Control Architecture, Scalability and Stability of Reconfigurable Systems • Roadmaps for Reconfigurability • Cognitive Radio and Management of Spectrum and Radio Resources in Reconfigurable Networks • SIG2: Security and Trust - The Big Picture • SIG3: Self-Organization Overview WWRF ·

15. WWRF Working Group 4 New Radio Interfaces, Relay-Based Systems and Smart Antennas WG4 Chair: David Falconer, Carleton University [ddf@sce.carleton.ca] WG4 Vice-Chair: Angeliki Alexiou, Bell Labs [alexiou@lucent.com]

16. WG4 Scope • WG4 focuses on air interfaces, and smart antenna and relay network enhancements, in metropolitan and wide-area environments; i.e. wireless MAN and WAN point-to-multipoint, unicast, multicast and broadcast systems, with or without mobility. • The beyond-3G systems under consideration are characterized by aggregate bit rates up to the 100 Mb/s range or higher, high mobility, high user capacity and ubiquity, and coexistence with complementary services sharing the same or adjacent spectrum. • Typically considered distances between mobile terminals and access points are greater than 100 m., although communication may be facilitated by a relay network with shorter inter-relay distances. • Technology domains within the scope of WG4 include • physical layer (PHY) • medium access layer (MAC) • cross-layer optimization • enabling radio frequency technologies and components • system topologies • coexistence and deployment, and • radiochannel propagation models. WWRF ·

17. Overall System Issues Source: ITU-R 2002 WWRF ·

18. New Air Interfaces • Frequency domain-based air interfaces • Adaptable, scalable; terminal cost commensurate with capability. • Location-aware Radio Resource Management • WG4 white papers: • “New Air Interfaces – Requirements and Solutions” (2003-2004) • “Broadband Frequency Domain-Based Air Interfaces” (2004-2005) • Scalable air interface preferably supported by a reconfigurable DSP architecture • Multiple access: • Packet based, with packets partitioned and assigned to time division/frequency division/space division “chunks”. Assignment takes user terminal bandwidth, bit rate and signal processing capabilities into account. • Multiple bandwidth frequency-domain-based transmission for opportunistic cognitive radio. • Broadcast and multicast must be implemented efficiently. WWRF ·

19. Relaying can increase coverage reduce terminal power and enhance capacity but not necessarily all simultaneously. Cooperative Relaying Exploitation of Spatial Diversity Virtual Antenna Arrays Single Frequency Networks Mobile Relays in Cellular Networks Routing issues: possible approach is overlay wireless network concept: Cellular Based Multihop (CBM) WG4 white papers: “Relay-based Deployment Concepts for Mobile Broadband” (2003-2004) „Meshing for relay-based deployment“ (2005) „Multi-hop protocols for relay-based deployment“ (2005) Relaying WWRF ·

20. MIMO processing techniques Spatial Multiplexing Space-Time coding Interference reduction Diversity Tx/Rx Adaptive, reconfigurable, robust: Adaptive beamforming for high inter-element correlations Diversity or space-time coding for low inter-element correlations Spatial multiplexing or multiuser diversity Cross-layer adaptivity Approaches to low cost, simple implementation: Differing array implementation constraints at base stations and user terminals. Distributed (virtual) antenna arrays- cooperation among separate user terminals MEMS, RF combining, efficient space-time-frequency DSP architectures. WG4 white paper: “Smart Antennas and Related Technology” (2003-2004) Smart Antennas WWRF ·

21. MIMO channel modelling and measurement Broadband indoor/outdoor UWB and short range channel modelling Propagation modelling and prediction WG4/WG5 white paper: “Wideband channel measurement and modelling“ (2004-2005) Channel Modelling and Propagation WWRF ·

22. Radio System Architecture • Duplexing: TDD, FDD, hybrid, band-switched duplexing • Dynamic resource allocation: Scheduling and signalling subcarrier power, time/frequency chunk allocation, and code rate for OFDMA • Cross-layer optimization – balance against MAC/PHY separation to support a wide range of air interface alternatives. • Intersystem handoff, flexible resource allocation across different access technologies • Location- for performance enhancement as well as facilitating new location-based services. Difference from earlier wireless systems: context awareness, positioning technologies • Shared channels • Spectrum sharing - Multi-band signalling • Flexible use of spectrum, non-continuous spectrum use • WG4 white paper: • “Duplexing, resource allocation and inter-cell coordination“ (2004-2005) WWRF ·

23. WG4 White Papers Status 2006 2003 2004 2005 Periodic updates New Air Interface – Requirements & Technology Broadband MC Periodic updates Broadband Frequency Domain Based Air Interface Mixed OFDM+ SC Periodic updates Smart Antennas Periodic updates Relay-based Deployment Concepts Meshing for relay-based deployment concepts Multi-hop protocols for relay-based deployment concepts Channel Measurement and Modelling Becoming a joint WG4/WG5 white paper Duplexing, Resource Allocation, andInter-cell Coordination WWRF ·

24. Conclusions on WWRF • Global platform to initiate global cooperation towards future wireless world • Vision from user perspective requirements for the enabling technologies • Unique way of active cooperation within and between industry and academia • Reduce risk for investment in research • Ease future standardization by globally harmonizing views • Proven history of creating large scale research cooperation and facilitating funding • Open to all actors www.wireless-world-research.org WWRF ·