Energy Law 10 – Conservation & Efficiency

1. Energy Law 10 – Conservation & Efficiency Fall 2013 November 12, 2013 Alan Palmiter Brian Bowman Not for distribution- for study purposes only

2. “We already have the technology we need to take the world off the path toward dramatic climate change.” Robert Socolow and Stephen Pacala, Stabilization Wedges (2004) Carbon Mitigation Initiative Bill McKibben “That’s the task for our generation”

7. http://cmi.princeton.edu/wedges/intro.php

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15. Topic roadmap 1. Role of conservation & efficiency • Distinction between conservation & efficiency • Significance of conservation & efficiency • What is your carbon footprint? • Energy-efficient technologies • Home & buildings • Vehicles • Manufacturing • Government • Smart grid 3. Regulating conservation & efficiency • Legislation prior to 2000 • Legislation since 2000 • Future of conservation & efficiency • Evolving technology and energy efficiency efforts

16. Role of conservation and efficiency EIA, Annual Energy Review

18. Energy Intensity = energy consumption per unit of gross domestic product (GDP). EIA, “Energy Intensity” (2013)

19. Conservation = consuming less energy and getting less Efficiency = consuming less energy and getting same amount As policy matter, which would you promote?

21. (Click for video – 4.22)

22. What is likely to lead to you using less energy: (1) environmental/climate concerns or (2) price incentives? (Click image for link to calculator)

23. 2. Energy efficient technologies (Click for video – 4:21 )

24. My house story …

25. (Click for video – 6:29 )

26. Efficiency in manufacturing and government • Optimization - Manufacturing • Biomimetic • Life cycle assessment • Standardization • Federal Energy Management Program • Analyzes energy legislation and regulations • Helps federal agencies develop sustainable design practices • Implements renewable energy technology

27. (Click for video – 6:17 )

29. Energy efficiency in the home Pros: • Reduce energy costs • Decline in emissions into the atmosphere • Reduce reliance on fossil fuels • Greater energy security Cons: • Some technology is unproven • Hard to implement – limited industry • High upfront costs / limited financing • Leads to over-consumption

30. True or false? U.S. Department of Energy is the primary federal agency responsible for deployment of energy efficiency projects. Which is true – Buildings consume more energy than transportation. Transportation represents about 50% of total energy consumption. A hybrid vehicle combines an efficient gas engine combined with an electric motor that charges during acceleration. Standardization in manufacturing refers to third-party assessment of product’s safety. Which is false? The DOE’s FEMP … analyzes energy related regulations and assists agencies with compliance. helps to design, operate, and maintain high efficiency federal buildings. oversees federal government water efficiency efforts and best practicesimplementation. is responsible for measuring the GHG emissions of the large electric power utilities. 4. True or False? The U.S. has less than 5% of the world’s population, but consumes energy at 4.5x the average world per capitarate. Pop Quiz Conservation and efficiency Answers: 1-T / 2-a / 3-d / 4-T

31. 3. Conservation/efficiency – regulatory timeline Energy Policy & Conservation Act (1975) – appliance rating / CAFE National Appliance Energy Conservation Act (NAECA) (1987) – DOE rules National Energy Policy Conservation Act (1978) – standards, not targets Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (1978) – electric rates reflect costs Energy Policy Act (1992) – Integrated Resource Plans Energy Independence and Security Act (2007) – federal government / light bulbs Energy Policy Act (2005) - RFS NAECA Amendments (1988) 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015

32. Conservation/efficiency legislation: Pre-2000 • Energy Policy & Conservation Act (1975) • Established US petroleum reserve • Promoted conservation • Mandated vehicle fuel economy standards • National Energy Conservation Policy Act (1978) • Aimed to decrease reliance on non-renewable resources • Called for increase in efficiency of energy products (i.e. vehicles and home heating) • Energy Policy Act (1992) • Improved energy efficiency standards • Increased residential energy efficiency ratings • Promoted least cost planning among electric utilities

33. Conservation/efficiency legislation: Post-2000 • Energy Policy Act (2005) • Implemented metering and reporting requirements • Facilitated energy efficient product procurement • Formulated renewable energy / fuel programs • Energy Independence & Security Act (2007) • Adopted the energy reduction goals of Executive Order 13423. • Set performance standards for new buildings and major renovations.

34. True or false? The National Energy Policy Conservation Act was a direct response to the energy crisis of the early 1970s. Which is false ? The EPA 2005 … required federal buildings be metered to promote energy efficiency and reduce costs required federal agencies to incorporate accepted energy efficiency criteria in operations. promoted on-site renewable energy productions at federal buildings. allowed federal agencies to choose dual-fueled vehicles Which is true? E.O. 13423 … Seeks to reduce energy intensity 30% by 2015, compared to 2003 baseline. Encourages manufacturers to use alternative fuels to reduce production costs. Requires renovation of federal buildings be completed using sustainability strategies, if no additional costs. does not address use of chemicals or toxic materials -- its scope is limited to energy efficiency matters. 4. True or false? The Energy Policy Act of 1992 allowed, for the first time, federal agencies to keep savings from energy performance contracts. Pop Quiz Conservation & efficiency – regulation Answers: 1-T / 2-d / 3-a / 4-T

35. 4. Future of conservation/efficiency (Click for video – 1:59 )

36. ‘Built To Last’ – US decentralization and recentralization (Click for video – 2:55)

37. Improving the motor vehicle network (Click for video – 1:35)

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