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Laboratory Operations and Techniques. are the proper ways of manipulating/utilizing the apparatus in the laboratory. A. Handling liquid. 1. transferring into a narrow-mouthed container (such as test tube, graduated cylinder, flasks). 2. transferring into a wide-mouthed container
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Laboratory Operations andTechniques • are the proper ways of manipulating/utilizing the apparatus in the laboratory.
A. Handling liquid 1. transferring into a narrow-mouthed container (such as test tube, graduated cylinder, flasks) 2. transferring into a wide-mouthed container (such as beaker)
B. Handling Solids/Powder 1. transferring into a wide-mouthed container 1. transferring into a narrow-mouthed container
C. Heating • Using a test tube • Using other containers (beaker, flask, etc.)
D. Measuring a liquid Measuring the Volume of Liquid – measure at an eye level
Measuring Solid 1. Measuring the volume a. Irregularly-shaped solid – use Water Displacement Method
Regularly-shaped solid v= l x w x h v= 20cm x 8cm x 16cm v= 2560 cm3
F. Diluting Acid • Always add the acid to the water. Otherwise the acid can splash you and get on your skin and also if it is a concentrated acid, as you dilute it, a lot of heat is generated, and you want the larger volume of water to be able to absorb that heat.
D. Determining the acidity and alkalinity of a chemical • Blue litmus paper turns red - acidic • Red litmus paper turns blue - basic