The Small Animal Care Industry

1. The Small Animal Care Industry Chase High School

2. Benefits Small Animals Provide to Society • Economic benefit from thousands of jobs and about $32 billion dollars input into the national economy. • Small animals serve as companions and pets to almost 60% of all American families. • Children learn responsibility and social skills • Elderly people benefit from quality of life.

3. Benefits cont. • Valuable means of testing and developing new products such as drugs and vaccines • Small animals are used in pet therapy to help patients overcome illness • Dogs are useful as watch dogs, police dogs, and seeing eye dogs.

4. Benefits cont. • Rabbits are useful as an excellent source of meat that is low in cholesterol, sodium, and fat while being a highly palatable food source. • Some are used to provide products such as fur/wool for coats, hats, gloves and other things as well

5. Benefits cont. • Animals provide entertainment in zoos, circus acts, etc. and increases an appreciation for animals.

6. Economic Impact of Small Animal Industry • 10,500-11,000 retail pet stores produce $21 billion in sales. • Biomedical research supported by $15 billion in taxes and charity used 65-100 million small animals. • 6 million small animals were used in educational facilities.

7. Economic Impact cont. • Americans spend $20.3 billion per year on pets. • Pet food manufacturers produce $9 billion in sales • Veterinary expenses exceed $11 billion annually. • Dogs require 2x as much vet care as cats

8. Pet Ownership • There are 7 million more cats than dogs (each cat owner averages owning 2 cats) • Dogs are found in more households than cats • Fish, birds, and rabbits rank 3rd, 4th,and 5th as far as pet ownership.

9. Careers/Jobs Working with Small Animals • The pet industry is just one small area of small animals care and management, other jobs include small animal care in the lab, zoo, training, and biological sciences. • Jobs to supply food, equipment, and healthcare to small animals. • Research in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. • Exhibitors

10. Jobs Working With Small Animals • Pet Care Workers- many types provide many services to small animal workers. Kennels, animal hospitals and shelters, pet stores… • Kennel attendants- feed and care for animals and keep kennels clean. • Animal groomers- bathe pets and keep them looking pretty.

11. Jobs/Careers Cont. • Small Animal Breeders- raise and market fur-bearing animals, animals for sale. Usually specialize in one breed. • Pet Shop Owners- care for small animals they offer for sale • Pet Shop Manager- run the daily pet store operations

12. Jobs/Careers Cont. • Veterinarians- Doctors of veterinary medicine, treat and control animal injuries and diseases. They also vaccinate animals against disease, and inspect animals and meat products used for food. • They also perform surgery, set broken bones, establish diet and exercise routines and prescribe medicines. • 1/3 of vets in US treat only small animals.

13. Jobs/Careers Cont. • Dealers- people who sell lab animals for research and teaching. • Vet Technicians- assist vet and other members of the vet staff

14. Introduction to Terminology

15. Prefix • Prefix-word part at the beginning of the word indicating number, location, time or status. • Examples: • A-an: without, lack of something(anemia-without blood) • Anti: against, opposing(antiseptic-against infection) • Pre: before(preoperative-before operation)

16. Root Words • Word part that gives the fundamental meaning of the word. • Examples: • Cardi: Heart (cardiology-study of the heart) • Gastr: Stomach (gastronomy- surgical opening of the stomach) • Phleb, ven: vein (phlebotomist- person who obtains blood from veins)

17. Suffixes • Word part at the end of the word indicating procedure, condition, disease, or disorder. • Examples: • algia: pain (arthralgia-painful joints) • centesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid (cystocentesis-removing fluid from the bladder) • itis: inflammation (bronchitis- inflammation of the bronchial tubes) • rrhea: flow or discharge (diarrhea- watery flow or discharge)

18. Positional Terminology Ventral: underside of the body

19. Positional Terminology • Cranial: Head

20. Positional Terminology • Anterior: front of the body

21. Positional Terminology • Dorsal: back Dorsal

22. Positional Terminology • Caudal: tail Caudal

23. Positional Terminology • Dorsal (frontal) plane: plane that divides the body into dorsal (back and ventral (belly) parts.

24. Positional Terminology • Transverse (horizontal or cross-sectional) Plane: plane that divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.

25. General Terminology

26. General Terminology • Antisepsis: the process of applying a preparation to the surface of living tissue to prevent infections and inhibit growth of microorganisms. • Biopsy: removal of a tissue sample for microscopic diagnosis and examination.

27. Terminology cont. • Catheterization: the insertion of a sterile plastic tube into the urethra to remove urine. • Contact transmission: method of disease transmission that includes direct contact, indirect contact and droplet contact.

28. Terminology cont. • Endogenous: the source of microorganisms necessary to cause infection originate from within the body of an animal. • Exogenous: the source of microorganism necessary to cause infection is environmental

29. Terminology cont. • Incubation: period of time between the animal contact with an infection and the appearance of disease symptoms. • While the incubation period for rabies may vary from a few days to several years, it usually lasts one to three months • Infectious Disease: diseases capable of being spread from one animal to another.

30. Terminology cont. • Pocket Pets: a term used to describe small pets once only thought of as lab animals, such as gerbils, hamsters, guinea pigs, mice and rats. • Preventative health care programs: programs designed by vets to help prevent disease and health problems in individual animals or herds of animals. Preventative Health Care Programs

31. Terminology cont. • Quarantine: the isolation of an animal or animals suspected to have been exposed to an infectious disease for the infection duration incubation period. • Spaying: the removal of female reproductive organs. • Zoonoses: diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans.

32. Animal Rights Movement • Not the same as Animal Welfare • Should not be used as if it means the same as animal welfare • Media may wrongly use the two terms interchangeably

33. Animal Rights Movement • Modern Animal Rights Movement: • Over 400 animal rights groups exist today • Came into prominence in the 1960s and 1970s • Initially mainly made up of urban people, many of whom were vegetarians

34. Animal Rights Movement • Beliefs of most Animal Rights Movement groups: • Humanizing animals to have the same rights as humans (humans are also animals). • To use animals for human purposes is morally and ethically wrong and reflects a bias that humans are superior to animals.

35. Animal Rights Movement • Beliefs Continued: • Animals should never be used for food, clothing, medical research, and/or product testing. • Animals should not be used for entertainment • Believe in using ecoterrorism to prevent people from using animals if necessary

36. Animal Rights Movement • Major Animal Rights Group is PETA • People for Ethical Treatment of Animals • Largest animal rights group in the world with over 800,000 members. • Since 1980, it has been dedicated to establishing and protecting rights of animals. They are against: • Eating • Wearing • Experimenting • Using for entertainment

37. Animal Welfare Movement • Rooted in any of several schools of thought • History of animal domestication dating back to the Chinese and Egyptians • Early United States used animals for food, clothing, shelter, transportation, and horsepower to perform tasks • Creation view that God gave man dominion over animals which includes use and care • Various religions that use animal sacrifice and include great detail as to how to humanely slaughter the animal

38. Animal Welfare Movement • Animal Welfare Laws: laws protecting animals were present before the animal rights movement Animal Welfare Act

39. Animal Welfare Movement • Animal Welfare beliefs include: • Animals should be treated humanely regardless of how they are used. • Animals should receive proper housing and nutrition • Animals should receive proper care for disease prevention and treatment for injuries. • Euthanasia or slaughter should be done in a humane way.

40. Zoonoses • Disease that may be transmitted from animals

41. Rabies • A viral disease that affects to nervous system and is contracted from bites and scratches of infected animals such as dogs and cats.

42. Rabies Cont. • Immunization is recommended if there is doubt about whether the animal is infected with rabies. • 93% of the reported rabies cases were in wild animals • Children 5-9 years old make up less that 9% of the population but receive almost 30% of animal bites.

43. Rabies Cont. • Most domestic animals are not likely to be infected with rabies as long as they are vaccinated on a regular basis. • What happens if your dog is suspected to have rabies? • Testing is done to see if your pet has rabies • Isolation (quarantine) for 10 days after the animal has bitten someone. Rabies in N.C

44. Rabies in Numbers

45. Toxoplasmosis • Disease produced by infection of Toxoplasma gondii parasite and spread through contaminated litter or cat feces.

46. Toxoplasmosis • Does not show up as long as the human immune system is working properly • Particularly of concern for pregnant women, as it may result in miscarriage, babies born prematurely or blind

47. Toxoplasmosis • Prevent by wearing rubber, disposable gloves to daily clean litter boxes and thoroughly was hands after cleaning litter box.

48. Ringworm • Fungal Disease • Shows up as round, scaly, encrusted lesions on the skin • There is a loss of hair where the lesion is located.

49. How to Treat Ringworm • Take your pet to the vet • Give it the diagnosed medicine • Clean the sore

50. Psittacosis (parrot fever) • A disease contracted by caged birds such as parrots, budgerigars, and related birds.