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Unit C: Environmental Chemistry

Unit C: Environmental Chemistry. Brainstorm / Discussion. Why do we eat food? What are the different types of food energy? What is energy used for in our body? Where did the energy come from originally that is now in our bodies?. I. Nutrients of the Body.

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Unit C: Environmental Chemistry

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  1. Unit C:Environmental Chemistry

  2. Brainstorm / Discussion • Why do we eat food? • What are the different types of food energy? • What is energy used for in our body? • Where did the energy come from originally that is now in our bodies?

  3. I. Nutrients of the Body Nutrient – a chemical in food used for growth and energy Producers (plants) can create glucose (carbs) from the Sun Consumers (animals) must eat plants in order to obtain energy. They then can convert the food into proteins, carbs and fats. Vitamins must be taken in by our diet.

  4. Food Web

  5. Human Food Web

  6. ID the organic nutrient in each of the pictures and its function

  7. Brainstorm • What does organic mean?

  8. I. Nutrients A. Organic vs. Inorganic • organic – means carbon containing compounds

  9. I. Nutrients A. Organic vs. Inorganic Inorganic – non-carbon compounds; includes minerals macromineral – those minerals needed in large amounts Ex. Calcium trace element (micronutrient) – those minerals needed small amounts Ex. Selenium

  10. Macronutrients and their Functions

  11. Assignment • With a partner you must complete one of the following: • Draw a picture of a plant or human • Label on the diagram where each nutrient acts and label its role.

  12. Phosphorus – flower growth

  13. Magnesium – bones and teeth

  14. I. Nutrients B. How Much Is Too Much? • Nutrients should be in optimum amounts for best health Ex. Too little of selenium could cause cancer and heart disease Ex. Too much K in plants prevents Mg from being absorbed

  15. C. Absorption of Nutrients Substrate – the material on which an organism lives or moves Ex. Desert – Animals are adapted to survive with little water and little nutrients (little plant life)

  16. I. Nutrients C. Ingestion/ Absorption of Nutrients • Ingestion – how food enters the body • Absorption – how food enters the cells of the body or plant

  17. Brainstorm: Do plants ingest nutrients? Where? Do humans ingest nutrients? Where? Do plants absorb nutrients? Where? Do humans absorb nutrients? Where?

  18. I. Nutrients C. Ingestion/ Absorption of Nutrients

  19. Add on your human/plant diagram add where your species ingests or absorbs food

  20. Magic School BusGets Planted

  21. I. Nutrients C. Absorption of nutrients ApplyingFertilizers - list nutrients N – P- K (in order) Ex. 29-0-4 29% nitrogen 0% phosphorus 4 % potassium What part of the plant will benefit?

  22. I. Nutrients Bacteria fix nitrogen (N2) from air to ammonia (NH3) “nitrogen fixation” C. Absorption of nutrients Nitrogen Cycle Farmers help the nitrogen cycle by adding ammonia and nitrates to increase crop production (increases absorption of nitrogen) Note: Legumes (alfalfa) are planted in fields because they have nitrogen-fixing bacteria Ammonia forms nitrates(NO3-) “nitrification” Denitrification -when bacteria convert NO3- to N2 Plants absorb nitrates (NO3-) from water ATTN: Plants CANNOT use N2 – it must be converted to nitrate first

  23. I. Nutrients D. Human Effects on Ecosystems 1. Fertilizers – can enrich soil but too much can damage the plant; can leach into groundwater and surface water • Pesticides – applied to the field to kill pests (unwanted organism) to protect crop production • Herbicides kill weeds • Insecticides kill insects • Fungicides kill fungi • Risks: Most pesticides kill pest and non-pest species >They are called non-selective

  24. I. Nutrients D. Human Effects on Ecosystems 3. Solid waste – some recycled; most enters a landfill >Incinerators – burn hazardous wastes at high temps (however, cause air pollution) >Sanitary Landfills – line landfill with plastic liners and clay to prevent leachate from entering the groundwater Leachate – chemicals washed into water

  25. Sanitary Landfills

  26. I. Nutrients • D. Human Effects on Ecosystems • Sewage - wastewater from the home (kitchen, bathroom) which is treated and returned to rivers or lakes effluent – treated wastewater Problem: Effluent can contain higher levels of phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage breakdown, which enters rivers and lakes >Can add contaminated water into rivers and streams if treatment is not sufficient http://www.thesudburystar.com/2012/03/01/beaver-fever-fear-prompts-boil-water-order-in-sask-2

  27. 5. Combustion of Fossil Fuels – releases carbon dioxide, water vapour and heat energy into the atmosphere (greenhouse gas)

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