1 / 31

Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy. Clif Thivierge 08/12/10 Prof. Kevin Burgess Texas A&M University. The Bane of Imaging: Diffraction Limit. practical limit obtained when imaging very small objects by magnification

fanchon
Download Presentation

Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy Clif Thivierge 08/12/10 Prof. Kevin Burgess Texas A&M University

  2. The Bane of Imaging: Diffraction Limit practical limit obtained when imaging very small objects by magnification diffraction causes blurring of objects when imaging smaller than ~200-500 nm (diffraction limit) “broadening” of a point caused by diffraction is known as the “point spread function” () x-y= (0.61 /( sin())  = refractive index medium  = half-cone angle of focused light

  3. Examples of Diffraction Limit

  4. Ways to Circumvent Limit • Near Field Microscopy (NSOM) • Far Field Microscopy • Confocal, 4pi and I5M, SIM • Super-Resolution • Spatially Patterned Excitation • STED • RESOLFT • SSIM • Localization Methods • STORM • PALM • FPALM

  5. Near Field Imaging (NSOM) -place microscope distance less than 1 wavelength from sample -20-50 nm resolution problem: cannot image into sample because of wavelength restriction

  6. Far Field: Confocal Microscopy • Non-linear 2-photon excitation and pinhole detection decrease SPF beyond classical limits • 21/2improvement in resolution problem: 2-photon excitation uses high wavelengths which increase SPF: x-y= (0.61 /( sin())

  7. Structured-Illumination Micropscopy (SIM) 100 nm resolution possible

  8. Conclusions • methods use common dyes (good) • confocal is easiest, most widely used • best resolution obtainable only 100 nm (SIM) • single molecule is problematic

  9. Super-Resolution Microscopy Goal: obtain sub-100 nm resolution pioneered by Stefan Hell in mid-1990s Max Plank Institute (Germany) two methods: Spatially Patterned Excitation STED, RESOLFT, SSIM (ii) Localization Methods STORM, PALM, FPALM

  10. Stimulated Emission Depletion Microscopy (STED) Spontaneous VS Stimulated Emission when an excited molecule encounters a photon matching it’s emission energy, another “clone” photon is created and ground state results

  11. observe exc STED STED sample is excited with laser and blur is obtained due to diffraction (exc) another “doughnut” shaped laser excites at emission wavelength (STED) of dye and switches outside dyes to “dark state” observing in between exc andSTED, very resoved image is produced

  12. STED Microscopy resolutions 20 - 30 nm common, best 6 nm

  13. STED Dyes -dyes need to be very photostable excitation laser: 107 W/cm2 STED laser: 109 W/cm2 -dye needs large stimulated emission cross-section -most common: Atto 532 and Atto 647N Rhodamine derivatives?

  14. Dyes Used for STED

  15. Reversible Saturable Optically Linear Fluorescence Transitions (RESOLFTs) same concept as STED but dyes are made to “dark state” by other mechanisms: -switch to triplet state -switch to ground state -use reversibly photoswitchable dyes advantages: -less powerful lasers need to be used (100 W/cm2) -this leads to many more dyes and even fluorescent proteins being used

  16. Single Molecule Imaging the exact location of single dyes can be determined by doing multiple excitation/emission cycles

  17. Things Become More Complicated with Multiple Dyes Considerable overlap. Hard to identify individual fluors in real live.

  18. Super-Resolution Single Molecule Localization Methods • Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) • Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (PALM) • Fluorescence Photoactivated Localization Microscopy (FPALM) all work by same principle: image only some dyes at one time

  19. Consider Previous Example Considerable overlap. Hard to identify individual fluors in real live.

  20. Most Dyes in “Off-state” localization of “on-state” dyes possible

  21. Switch the State of the Dyes localization of other dyes possible

  22. Combine the Images position of each dye is known

  23. Dyes for Localization Microscopy • have on and off state • easily able to switch from on/off state • on/off can be non-fluorescent or have a change in either excitation or emission wavelengths • best if reversible but not necessary

  24. Common Dyes for Localization Mic.

  25. Examples of Photoswitchable Dyes

  26. Conclusions on Localization Microscopy using this technique 3D localization of labels can be achieved with 20 nm resolution

  27. Multicolor Imaging methods discussed so far are valuable in the elucidation of structures to study interactions, multicolor imaging can be used multicolor imaging has been done with both STED and Localization Microscopy

  28. Multicolor STED 2 methods: (i) use set of dyes with non-overlapping excitation, emission, and STED wavelengths (hard to find) (ii) find dyes with same STED excitation but non-overlapping absorbance

  29. Multicolor STED: Synaptic Proteins Synaptophysin (red) Syntaxin 1 (green)

  30. Conclusions still very young technology and best dyes have yet to be discovered impact is big since imaging is such a popular tool a lot of opportunity for innovation/development

  31. The End

More Related