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and Smart Water Management

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING. and Smart Water Management. Eli Gruber, President & CEO Ecologix Environmental Systems. ABOUT ECOLOGIX. About Ecologix. Ecologix designs and integrates water & wastewater treatment solutions for industries and municipalities. SERVICES PROVIDED TO OUR CLIENTS:

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and Smart Water Management

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  1. HYDRAULIC FRACTURING and Smart Water Management Eli Gruber, President & CEO Ecologix Environmental Systems

  2. ABOUT ECOLOGIX About Ecologix Ecologix designs and integrates water & wastewater treatment solutions for industries and municipalities • SERVICES PROVIDED TO OUR CLIENTS: • Treatability studies • Engineering • Design • Fabrication • Installation • Start-Up & Training • System Operation

  3. WHO WE SERVE About Ecologix • INDUSTRIES • Oil & Gas • Automotive • Food & Beverage • Mining • Municipalities • Pulp & Paper • Petrochemical • Utilities

  4. a little about HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

  5. U.S. DOMESTIC ENERGY BOOM The Industry • US is #1 natural gas producer in the world • US oil production 9 million bbl/day, (almost 50% of daily domestic consumption)

  6. WATER USAGE IN FRACKING The Industry • Avg. 60,000 – 120,000 bbl/well • Water sourced from aquifers, rivers, lakes • 30,000bbl flows back • 90% of water ends up in disposal wells

  7. HOW FRACKING WORKS The Industry

  8. HOW FRACKING WORKS The Industry

  9. HOW FRACKING WORKS The Industry A mix of water, sand and chemicals including crosslinkers, breakers, friction reducers is injected under high pressure to fracture the rock Thousands of vertical joints in rock strata connect, allowing drilling fluids to seep toward the surface

  10. HOW FRACKING WORKS The Industry

  11. TWO SIDES OF THE ISSUE Top Concerns SURFACE DISCHARGE Treat to municipal standards DIRECT REUSE FOR FRACKING Treated water used solely for drilling, fracturing operations This presentation is about this side of the fence

  12. TOP THREE ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS with fracking

  13. 1: FRESH WATER RESOURCES Top Concerns • FACTS • One well requires between 3 – 5 million gallons of water • Water sourced from rivers, lakes, aquifers • IMPLICATIONS • Over-withdrawal threatens longevity of water sources • Arid regions face water shortages

  14. 2: ROAD WEAR, NOISE, TRAFFIC Top Concerns • FACTS • One truck carries 130bbl • Approx. 600 one-way truck trips per well for fresh water delivery • Additional 175 one-way trips to dispose of flowback water • 400+ trips for produced water disposal • IMPLICATIONS • Noise, pollution, road wear • 2012, Pennsylvania estimated $265 million on road repairs in the Marcellus

  15. 3: WASTEWATER DISPOSAL Top Concerns • FACTS • 144,000 Class II wells in United States • Disposing of 730 billion gallons of brine per year • IMPLICATIONS • Environmentalist concern with ground tremors

  16. managing water to RESOLVE THE CONCERNS

  17. SURVEY SAYS Water Management 72% OF INDUSTRY EXPERTS SAY WATER & WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IS THEIR TOP CONCERN WITH FRACKING It seems like solving this issue is a good place to start

  18. A COMMON MISCONCEPTION Water Management A COMMON MISCONCEPTION IS THAT SALTY WATER DOESN’T MIX WELL WITH FRAC CHEMICALS

  19. MISCONCEPTIONS DEBUNKED Water Management • Society of Petroleum Engineers study (SPE 163824, February 2013) shows: • TDS up to 285,000 mg/L can be used to make frac fluid • Fluid consisted of: • CMHPG Gum (Guar Gum) • Zirconium-based Crosslinker • Sodium Chlorite Breaker • Breaker Catalyst • Non-emulsified Surfactant

  20. HALLIBURTON STUDY • In 2012, Halliburton experimented using produced water with TDS levels of up to 285,000ppm, here are the results: • 100% success rate over 59 wells and 260 stages • No production decrease vs. fresh water • Avg. savings per well $70K-$100K, mostly due to reduced truck movements • The Bottom Line: • TDS Removal – why pay to remove TDS when you can adjust fluid composition at a fraction of the cost? • TSS Removal – Proppant permeability increases by 20% when TSS is removed

  21. PRODUCED WATER ANALYSIS

  22. VISUAL COMPARISON TDS still 273,000mg/L Raw Produced Water Treated Produced Water

  23. FLUID COMPOSITION Water Management Data Source: http://www.all-llc.com/publicdownloads/ALLFayettevilleFracFINAL.pdf

  24. CARRIER CHEMICALS (0.49%) Water Management • Total additives amount to 4,900ppm • Gelling agents, friction reducers, and crosslinkers amount to 735ppm • Even low levels of TSS (colloidal solids) will cause unwanted friction, fouling, and loss of well productivity

  25. TSS REDUCES PERMEABILITY Water Management • Fracture permeability suffers with presence of TSS image source: Halliburton

  26. TSS IMPEDES WELL PRODUCTIVITY Water Management • Treated produced water maintains about 20% more permeability data source: Halliburton

  27. FRESH WATER CAUSES CLAY SWELLING Water Management • Formations with smectite clays swellwhen fresh water is introduced • Swelling clay can result in a 2-40% reduction in well productivity • “In heavy oil recovery, incompatible fluids are often injected into hydrocarbon reservoirs, which cause clay swelling and thus impair the formation permeability”1 1. Krueger, R.F. (1986): An Overview of Formation Damage and Well Productivity in Oilfield Operation, Journal of Petroleum Technology, Vol. 38, pp. 131–152.

  28. WELL PRODUCTIVITY Business Case • In a shale formation with some content of clay, assume a 2% reduction in productivity due to clay swelling • A well that produces $10 million a year would lose $200,000 • How about a 10% or 25% reduction due to clay swelling? That’s millions of dollars stuck in the well! Is the loss in revenues worth the risk?

  29. TREATING WATER FOR REUSE

  30. TREATMENT PROCESS Treat for Reuse Solids Screening Oil Recovery Water Conditioning • Enhance • Stratification • Reduce • Surface Tension • Oxidation Disinfection/ Oxidation Chemical Precipitation Physical Separation Polishing/ Filtration • Colloidal Solids • Sulfates/Sulfides • Dissolved Metals

  31. CHEMICAL TREATMENT CoagulationNeutralizes negatively charged particles causing them to agglomerate FlocculationForms bridges between the coagulated particles, generating large solids that can settle or float Separationremoving formed sludge from the water, through either settlement or flotation Coagulated water turns orange when using Iron-based chemistry Flocculated Coagulated Separated Raw

  32. PHYSICAL SEPARATION • DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF) • Micro-bubbles attach to sludge and float • Skimmer removes sludge from water • Clean water flows out of system

  33. INTEGRATED TREATMENT SYSTEM ITS - 900 900gpm (31,000 bbl/day) processing capability Set-up as centralized treatment plant

  34. MOBILE CHEMICAL TREATMENT - MCT

  35. MOBILE DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION - MD

  36. NEXT-GENERATION HYBRID ITS-500 500 gpm(17,000bbl/day) Combines chemical and physical treatment units Moves from well to well for on-the-fly treatment Standardized on Honeywell Instrumentation

  37. CHLORINE DIOXIDE (ClO2) ClO2 is a powerful disinfectant that reacts rapidly via oxidation to provide effective micro-biocidal impact It delivers broad spectrum performance against bacteria, fungi, algae, viruses, and parasitic microorganisms In Oil & Gas, ClO2 reduces bio-fouling, oxidizes hydrogen sulfide and iron sulfide

  38. SULFATE REDUCING BACTERIA Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) produces hydrogen sulfide Crude oil that contains hydrogen sulfide has reduced commercial value Hydrogen sulfide makes the separation of water from oil less efficient, and ferrous sulfide precipitates can clog drilling and pumping equipment SRB are the most potent contributors to the anaerobic corrosion of metal, which causes costly failures of equipment and pipelines SRB Sulfate Sulfide

  39. TRADITIONAL vs. SMART WATER MANAGEMENT

  40. Traditional Water Management Strategy Disposal Well 60,000bbl produced water is hauled away for disposal (460 truck loads) Drilling Site 20,000bbl Fresh water haulers truck 80,000bbl to the drilling site (615 truck loads) Producing Well Within the first few days of productivity 20,000bbl of flowback water is hauled to the disposal site (150 truck loads) 60,000bbl Overall, 160,000bbl of water is hauled over 1,200 truck trips for one well 80,000bbl Fresh Water

  41. Smart Water Management Strategy X Disposal Well A mobile water recycling facility is introduced, eliminating the need for fresh water and disposal wells 20,000bbl Recycling Facility Drilling Site 80,000bbl 60,000bbl of produced water is hauled to the recycling facility Producing Well 20,000bbl of flowback water is hauled from the new well pad to the recycling facility 60,000bbl Water is treated and combined to make 80,000bbl of usable water X Recycling eliminates fresh water use and reduces truck movements Fresh Water

  42. HYPOTHETICAL BUSINESS CASE – FRESH WATER USE + DISPOSAL Business Case

  43. HYPOTHETICAL BUSINESS CASE – BRINE WATER RECYCLING & REUSE Business Case

  44. RECYCLED BRINE WATER vs. FRESH WATER Business Case Fresh water cost per well:$364,000 Recycled water cost per well:$184,000 $364,000 - $184,000 = $180,000 per well Possible loss of productivity from use of fresh water: $200,000 per well COMBINED BENEFITS OF USING TREATED BRINE WATER = $380,000 per well

  45. RECAP Conclusion • By recycling frac water, fresh water can be left for other purposes • TSS removal is the key to reuse • Brine water prevents clay from swelling, resulting in higher well productivity • Water reuse eliminates 100s of truck loads per well Proper water management vs. purchasing/transporting fresh water can result in $100,000’s of savings per well + increase well productivity + reduced truck traffic+ better stewardship of the environment + better community relationships

  46. WHERE WE OPERATE

  47. SOUTH TEXAS - EAGLE FORD WHO: SM Energy (NYSE: SM) WHAT: ITS-900 System Processing 30,000bbl/day WHERE: Carrizo Springs, Texas WHEN: Summer 2013 WHY: Remove Oil, TSS, Iron and Disinfect to prepare water for reuse

  48. BRITISH COLUMBIA – MONTNEY REGION WHAT: ITS-900 System Processing 30,000bbl/day WHERE: Dawson Creek, BC WHEN: Summer 2013 WHY: Remove Oil and TSS in shale frac water to prepare water for reuse

  49. QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS? 888-326-2020 | 678-514-2100 www.EcologixSystems.com @EcologixSystems

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