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Blood Vessels

Blood Vessels. Arteries carry blood away from heart Ventral aorta Dorsal aorta Aortic arches between the two. Key Points. There are 7 visceral arches and yet the previous slide only showed 6 aortic arches, why?. Ventral aorta & Aortic Arches. Fish Afferent branchial artery

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Blood Vessels

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  1. Blood Vessels • Arteries carry blood away from heart • Ventral aorta • Dorsal aorta • Aortic arches between the two

  2. Key Points • There are 7 visceral arches and yet the previous slide only showed 6 aortic arches, why?

  3. Ventral aorta & Aortic Arches • Fish • Afferent branchial artery • Gill capillaries • Efferent branchial artery • Teleosts – 1 & 2 are gone • Lungfish – Pulmonary artery is branch from 6th aortic arch – efferent region

  4. Tetrapod Ventral Aorta & Aortic Arches • General pattern • 6 arches in embryo • 1 & 2 rapidly regress • Internal carotid artery is formed from arch 3 plus paired dorsal aortae • Fifth aortic arch is gone in most

  5. Tetrapod Ventral aorta & Aortic Arches • Pulmonary artery is a branch from arch 6 • Common carotid artery is from ventral aorta • External carotid artery is from common carotid artery

  6. Amphibian Ventral Aorta & Aortic Arches • Urodeles have ductus caroticus present meaning blood in arch three can go cranial or caudal • Anurans have no ductus caroticus, so that blood in third aortic arch can only go towards the head

  7. Reptile Ventral Aorta & Aortic Arches • Two aortic trunks from conus arteriosus – sends blood to arch 3 and 4 • One pulmonary trunk from conus arteriosus – sends blood to 6th aortic arch • Otherwise similar to amphibians

  8. Birds & Mammals Ventral Aorta & Aortic Arches • One aortic trunk that sends blood to arches 3 and 4 • One pulmonary trunk sends blood to arch 6 • Fourth Aortic Arch • Right side stays in birds • Left side stays in mammals • Right side of 4th arch becomes subclavian A. in mammals

  9. Bird & Mammal Ventral Aorta & Aortic Arches • Ductus arteriosus is in fetus only. It is a bypass of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta • Carotids have same general pattern

  10. Key Points • Why would the mammalian fetus need a bypass from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta?

  11. Dorsal Aorta • General Pattern • Paired in head & pharynx in embryo and stays paired in adult as internal carotid arteries • Single in trunk • Becomes the caudal artery

  12. Key Points • Where do you find the caudal artery in the shark? Compare its location with the notochord and the nerve cord.

  13. Dorsal Aorta • Ventral Visceral branches • Celiac A. supplies stomach, pancreas, liver • Mesenteric A. supplies intestine (may be more than one)

  14. Dorsal Aorta • Lateral visceral branches • Urogenital

  15. Dorsal Aorta • Somatic branches to skin, spine, muscles • Subclavian A  Brachial A. supplies arm • Iliac A  Femoral A. supplies leg

  16. Veins • Veins start as capillaries and carry blood towards the heart

  17. Key Points • Define artery • Define capillary • Define vein • Define trunk • Define sinus

  18. Cardinal Stream • Sharks • Common Cardinal Vein • Anterior cardinal vein – drains head • Posterior cardinal vein drains kidney, body wall, gonads, and most of body except digestive structures

  19. Key Points • Trace the blood flow from the shark’s kidney to its ventral aorta.

  20. Cardinal Stream • Amphibians • Most of postcardinal disappears in anurans, but persists in urodeles

  21. Cardinal Stream • Amniotes • Postcava (=inferior vena cava = caudal vena cava) • Takes the place of the Posterior Cardinal Vein • Drains some of hindlimbs in crocodiles, all of hindlimbs in mammals and eventually drains most of trunk and tail, in addition to hind limbs

  22. Cardinal Stream in Amniotes • Azygous/Hemiazygous • From R. Posterior Cardinal V. • Provides alternate route from structures caudal to diaphragm • Mammals only

  23. Cardinal Stream in Amniotes • Precava (= superior vena cava = cranial vena cava) • From Common Cardinal Vein • In cats and humans, Right Precava persists and lose most of left.

  24. Cardinal Stream in Amniotes • Internal Jugular Vein • Drains brain • From the Anterior Cardinal Vein

  25. Key Points • Trace the blood flow from the brain of a crocodile to the sinus venosus.

  26. Renal Portal Stream • A Portal is a vein that begins and ends in a capillary bed • Fish – drains tail to kidney • Amphibians – drains hindlimbs to kidneys • Reptiles and birds – bypasses kidneys and goes to postcava • Mammals –not present

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