Nathan A. Schaumleffel, Ph.D., CPRP Assistant Professor

1. Public Park and Recreation Agencies:Stakeholders in Cross-Systems Collaboration for Emergency Management Capacity Building Nathan A. Schaumleffel, Ph.D., CPRP Assistant Professor Department of Recreation and Sport Management Anne L. Drabczyk, Ph.D., CHES Assistant Professor Department of Health, Safety, and Environmental Health Sciences 2006 International Community Development Society Conference

3. Introduction • Park and recreation professionals (PRPs) and risk management. • PRPs may provide an essential collaborative function of volunteer coordination in emergency management capacity building. • 1) most large gatherings of people and most opportunities for terrorism in communities take place at recreation and sport facilities (e.g., Atlanta Olympic bombing in 1996, spectator sports, concerts, festivals) • 2) recreation and sport facilities are often used as headquarters for emergency response and victim services (i.e., Superdome, community centers) • 3) public recreation agencies often have organized corps of volunteers that provide a wide variety of assistance to the agency and can develop local capacity through recruitment, training, and mobilization.

4. Review of Related Literature • Paradigm Shift: • Pre-9/11: Untrained volunteers • Post-9/11: Build local emergency management capacity by training volunteers (CERTs) (FEMA, 2002) • 62% of Americans would serve as a volunteer responder (Center for Excellence in Government, 2004) • 86% of professional responders believe vols would be helpful (Center for Excellence in Government, 2004)

5. Methods • Data from a larger study that examined shared values of professional and volunteer emergency responders (Drabczyk, 2005). • Appreciative Inquiry: Discovery Questions • Describe a peak experience or high point with your CERT. This would be a time when you were most alive and engaged. • Without being modest, what is it that you most value about yourself, the nature of your work, and your CERT? • What are the core factors that give life to your CERT, without which the CERT would cease to exist? • What are three wishes you have to enhance the health and vitality of your CERT?

6. Sample • 16 participants • 8 from one rural Ohio CERT • 8 from one urban Ohio CERT • Each CERT provided 4 volunteer responders and 4 professional responders. • Participants had to have worked together for at least one year as members of the same CERT. • The county-level Emergency Management Agency sponsored each CERT and provided the requisite training to ensure that members were certified by FEMA.

7. Findings • Findings demonstrate that shared values exist between volunteers and professionals in rural and urban settings. • Volunteers must have cohesive relationships on the CERT, good communication, and opportunities to apply skills. • Professionals need to know that volunteers will be ready whenever an emergency warrants resource expansion. • Professionals might experience new or renewed job satisfaction. • Professionals appeared vested in the community protector role. • Sustainability of the partnership requires a dedicated CERT coordinator to maintain open and relevant communication channels among CERT members, schedule trainings and refresher courses, and ensure venues for application of skills.

8. Discussion & Implications • PRPs can serve as the necessary permanent CERT/volunteer coordinator. • Recruitment (seasonal staff, Scouts) • Database management (Vol. skills and interests—cots, meals, rescue & recovery) • Training • Use of expansive local network • PPR agencies are an important component to community emergency response and community development.

9. Questions? Dr. Schaumleffel: nschaumleff@indstate.edu Dr. Drabczyk: adrabczyk@isugw.indstate.edu