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Personality Assessment

Personality Assessment. Goals. Understand the roles of personality assessment Understand the main ways of assessing personality that have been proposed/developed, with strengths and weaknesses Understand unique challenges to personality assessment

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Personality Assessment

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  1. Personality Assessment

  2. Goals • Understand the roles of personality assessment • Understand the main ways of assessing personality that have been proposed/developed, with strengths and weaknesses • Understand unique challenges to personality assessment • Understand how to evaluate the quality of a personality assessment • Insight into two or three of the most popular personality “tests” – strengths/weaknesses

  3. Role of Personality Assessment • Where is personality assessment done? • Discuss • HR • I/O Consultants • Testing companies (e.g., PAR, Pearson) • Clinical practice • Dating

  4. Role of Personality Assessment • Where is personality assessment done? • Formal/Professional Venues • Empirical Research • Everyday life

  5. Types of Personality Assessment • What types of personality assessment are you familiar with? • If we wanted to know if one person is more extraverted than another, how could we find out? • Discuss

  6. Types of Personality Assessment • Clues to Personality (Kinds of data): • Why “clue”? • Each method has advantages & disadvantages • Self-report data • Examples? • Pros/cons?

  7. BFI Neuroticism Note: Images borrowed from http://mgto.org/personality-in-class-discussing-traits-through-examples/

  8. BFI Neuroticism Note: Normative data are from 255 in Fall 2009, N = 38

  9. Personality Research MethodsPersonality Assessment - Methods • 2. “Informant” data • Examples • Pros/cons

  10. (Nearly) First impression ratingsof “row-mates” • Neuroticism: (sensitive/nervous vs. secure/confident). The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions easily, such as anger, anxiety, depression, and vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to the degree of emotional “liveliness.” • Extraversion: (outgoing/energetic vs. solitary/reserved). Energy, positive emotions, surgency, assertiveness, sociability and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others, and talkativeness. • Openness to experience: (inventive/curious vs. consistent/cautious). Appreciation for art, emotion, adventure, unusual ideas, curiosity, and variety of experience. Openness reflects the degree of intellectual curiosity, creativity and a preference for novelty and variety a person has. It is also described as the extent to which a person is imaginative or independent, and depicts a personal preference for a variety of activities over a strict routine. • Agreeableness: (friendly/compassionate vs. analytical/detached). A tendency to be compassionate and cooperative rather than suspicious and antagonistic towards others. It is also a measure of one's trusting and helpful nature, and whether a person is generally well tempered or not. • Conscientiousness: (efficient/organized vs. easy-going/careless). A tendency to be organized and dependable, show self-discipline, act dutifully, aim for achievement, and prefer planned rather than spontaneous behavior.

  11. Personality Research MethodsPersonality Assessment - Methods • 4. Life Outcomes • Examples • Pros/cons

  12. Personality Research MethodsPersonality Assessment - Methods • 3. Behavioral data • “Natural” B data (eg, ESM, EAR, ARRB) • “Laboratory” B data (in-lab obs, exp, pro, pro) • Pros/cons

  13. Challenges to Personality Assessment • What are some of the fundamental challenges that complicate personality assessment? • Discuss • Examples: • Social desirability • Self-insight • Hypothetical constructs • No “direct access” to the qualities of the objects

  14. Personality AssessmentWhat is being measured? • Many personality variables are “theoretical constructs” or “latent variables” • Unseen characteristics that we assume exist somewhere inside the person.

  15. Personality Research MethodsPersonality Assessment Subject’s Extraversion Subject’s Talkativeness # of friends in social network Subject’s self-report Score on BFI Extraversion Scale Friend’s rating of subject’s Extraversion

  16. Personality AssessmentWhat is being measured? • Many personality variables are “theoretical constructs” or “latent variables” • Unseen characteristics that we assume exist somewhere inside the person. • Is this unique to personality psych? • Memory, attention, hunger • Gravity

  17. Personality AssessmentDirect Access to qualities of objects? • Unique to personality? • How to measure “talkativeness”? • How to measure existence of a planet? • How to measure length of a piece of lumber?

  18. Personality Assessment - Quality • Quality of measurement • How do we know if a personality assessment technique or tool is good? • Two facets of measurement quality: • Reliability • Construct Validity

  19. Personality Assessment - Quality • Reliability • Is the “observed” score a precise reflection of the “true” characteristic (whatever that characteristic might be) • If we do the measurement over and over, do we get the same score each time? Do we consistently get the same score? • 2 Kinds of reliability • Test-retest reliability • Internal Consistency reliability

  20. Personality Assessment - Quality • Construct Validity • What is the characteristics that’s reflected by the test score? • Does the test measure what its supposed to measure? • E.g., if we have a questionnaire that supposedly measures depression – does it really measure depression? • Depression is the “construct”, is our test a valid measure of that construct?

  21. Personality Assessment - Quality • Mike’s Brief Neuroticism Questionnaire (MBNQ) • Circle yes or no for each statement: • 1. I often get worried NO YES • 2. I often hear strange voices NO YES • 3. I have a fear of heights NO YES • 4. I often get stressed out NO YES • 5. I like animals NO YES • 6. My favorite color is blue NO YES

  22. Personality Assessment - Quality • How can we empirically evaluate a scale’s construct validity? • Content validity • Convergent validity • Discriminant validity

  23. Personality Assessment • Every time you hear about or go through a personality assessment, you should wonder about measurement: • How were the variables measured? • Are there potential disadvantages to the measurement technique? • Was the measure (eg, questionnaire) reliable and valid?

  24. Goals • Understand the roles of personality assessment • Understand the main ways of assessing personality that have been proposed/developed, with strengths and weaknesses • Understand unique challenges to personality assessment • Understand how to evaluate the quality of a personality assessment • Insight into two or three of the most popular personality “tests” – strengths/weaknesses

  25. Some well-known (if not particularly useful or valid) personality assessment tools • Rorshach • MBTI – Meyers Briggs Type Indicator (e.g., used by WFU career services) • NEO-PI-R – NEO- Personality Inventory • HEXACO • MMPI – Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inv

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