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6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation/ ETC/ chemiosmosis

6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation/ ETC/ chemiosmosis. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH 2 account for most of the energy extracted from food

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6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation/ ETC/ chemiosmosis

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  1. 6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation/ ETC/ chemiosmosis • Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation

  2. 6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation/ ETC/ chemiosmosis • The electron transport chain is in the cristae of the mitochondrion • Most of the chain’s components are proteins, which exist in multiprotein complexes • The carriers alternate reduced and oxidized states as they accept and donate electrons • Electrons drop in free energy as they go down the chain and are finally passed to O2, forming H2O

  3. 6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation/ ETC/ chemiosmosis • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large free-energy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy in manageable amounts

  4. H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ Protein complex of electron carriers H+ H+ Electron carrier H+ ATP synthase H+ Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial membrane FADH2 FAD Electron flow H+ O2 + 2 1  2 NAD+ NADH H+ H+ Mitochondrial matrix ADP + P ATP H+ H2O H+ Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION

  5. So when is the energy made? • During oxidative phosphorylation • Energy stored in electron carriers was released during ETC and a hydrogen ion concentration gradient was created across the cristae • The energy in this concentration gradient is used to power ATP synthesis

  6. 6.10 Oxidative phosphorylation/ETC/chemiosmosis • Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation • Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and requires an adequate supply of oxygen • NADH and FADH2 and the inner membrane of the mitochondria are also involved • A H+ ion gradient formed from all of the redox reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle provide energy for the synthesis of ATP

  7. 38 ATP is under IDEAL conditions

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