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Sentencing Reform Commission Retreat System Overview & Drivers June 26, 2009

Sentencing Reform Commission Retreat System Overview & Drivers June 26, 2009. John Speir, Ph.D. Applied Research Services, Inc. Presentation Objectives. SC Primer: SC Terms & Programs Sentencing and Offense Trends Prison & Probation Dynamics Release Mechanisms & Utilization

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Sentencing Reform Commission Retreat System Overview & Drivers June 26, 2009

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  1. Sentencing Reform Commission Retreat System Overview & Drivers June 26, 2009 John Speir, Ph.D. Applied Research Services, Inc.

  2. Presentation Objectives • SC Primer: SC Terms & Programs • Sentencing and Offense Trends • Prison & Probation Dynamics • Release Mechanisms & Utilization • Post-Release Trends • System Drivers: Where Do We Look First?

  3. SC System Terms & Background • Truth-in-Sentencing Statute • Prison (SCDC) Custody: 91 Day Sentences • Violence Defined Statutorily – Implications • Community Supervision Program (CSP)

  4. SC System Terms & Background • Youthful Offender Act (YOA) • Felony & Misdemeanor Classification • Sentence Length: • Total Sentence • Prison Term • Suspended Sentence

  5. Do We Have the Right Data? • Department of Corrections (SCDC): 5 Years of Admissions, Active, and Release Population • Probation, Parole, and Pardons (PPP): Admissions, Revocations, and Parole Hearing Outcomes • Judicial Department: 10-Years Indictments and Dispositions

  6. Commission Data? • SLED/Budget Control Board: Computerized Criminal History (CCH)- rap sheet repository • Statistical Analysis Center (SAC): • National Incident-based Reporting System

  7. Violent Crime and Incarceration Rate Violent Crime Rate Incarceration Rate

  8. Filings, Dispositions, And Pending % Change 2000-07 Filings +16% Dispositions + 5% Pending +41% Source: Judicial Department

  9. Percent Convictions (%) No Significant Change Over Last 5 years (40% to 42%) Source: Judicial Department

  10. Felony Classes A 5% B 1% C 4% D 20% E 20% F 46% X 3% U 1% Source: Judicial Department

  11. Misdemeanor Classes A 27% B 5% C 25% 1% X U 43% Source: Judicial Department

  12. In-Out Decisions: Top 25 30% Prison Probation 70% Challenge Estimating In-Out Decisions Source:: SCDC & PPP

  13. Burglary: 2nd Degree (Violent) Prison 65% Probation 35% Source:: SCDC & PPP

  14. Burglary: 2nd Degree (Non-Violent) Prison 49% Probation 51% Source:: SCDC & PPP

  15. Burglary: 3rd Degree 25% Prison Probation 75% Source:: SCDC & PPP

  16. Prison Population Total Inmate Pop +13% Since 2000 Admissions +26% Since 2000 8 Source: SCDC. 2009

  17. New Court Admissions 73% Probation Revocations 14% Parole Revocations 8% Community Supervision 3% Other 2% Who Is Going To Prison? FY-2008 Admissions 13,950 Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  18. New Court Prison Admissions 10,232 Non-Youthful Offenders 90% Youthful Offenders 10% No-Parole (85% Time-Serve) Inmates Represent 12% of New Court Commits Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions Excludes New Court Admission s from Other Jurisdictions (N=89 inmates)

  19. DOC Probation Revocations 1,884 Probation Revocation 55% Probation Revocation (w/ new sentence) 45% Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  20. DOC Parole Revocations 1,175 Non-Youthful Offender (n=438) Parole Revocation Parole Revocation (w/ new sentence) 14% 24% Youthful Offender (n=737) Parole Revocation Parole Revocation (w/ new sentence) 60% 2% Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  21. Community Supervision Program (CSP) Revocations 336 75% Revocation Revocation (w/ new sentence) 25% Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  22. Selected Offenses

  23. Selected Offenses

  24. Prison Sentence Length All New Court Commitments: FY-2008 1-6 mos 18% 19% 6-12 mos Total = 10,232 12-18 mos 7% 9% 18-24 mos 12% 24-36 mos 44% have less than an 18 month prison term 12% 36-48 mos 7% 48-60 mos 2% 60-72 mos 2% 72-84 mos 1.6% 84-96 mos <1% 96-108 mos 3.8% 108-120 mos 6% 120+ mos Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  25. Sentence Length Burglary 2nd Degree - Non-Violent 3% 1-6 mos 9% 6-12 mos 5% 12-18 mos 8% 18-24 mos 12% 24-36 mos 39% 36-48 mos 11% 48-60 mos 3% 60-72 mos 3% 72-84 mos 2% 84-96 mos 1% 96-108 mos 2% 108-120 mos 2% 120+ mos Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  26. Sentence Length Robbery 2% 1-6 mos 5% 6-12 mos 3% 12-18 mos 6% 18-24 mos 10% 24-36 mos 35% 36-48 mos 13% 48-60 mos 4% 60-72 mos 3% 72-84 mos 4% 84-96 mos 1% 96-108 mos 4% 108-120 mos 10% 120+ mos Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  27. Sentence Length Possession Cocaine 23% 1-6 mos 33% 6-12 mos 12% 12-18 mos 13% 18-24 mos 14% 24-36 mos 2% 36-48 mos 2% 48-60 mos 1% 60-72 mos Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  28. Sentence Length Driving Under Suspension 78% 1-6 mos 18% 6-12 mos 2% 12-18 mos 1% 18-24 mos 1% 24-36 mos Source: SCDC Raw Data Files: FY-08 Admissions

  29. Time Served Maxout Parole % Mos. % Mos. Assault & Battery – High & Aggravated Nature Burglary – 2nd Degree & Non-Violent Cocaine Possession Driving Under Suspension Forgery 52% 52% 51% 42% 49% 18 20 7 3 10 39% 40% 34% 0% 38% 29 44 11 0 19

  30. Time Served – Probation/Parole Violators Time Served (in months) Revocation Type Average Median 27 14 10 20 13 28 13 8 9 10 10 6 12 10 Parole Violator Probation Violator YOA Parole Violator Parole Revocation w/ New Sentence Probation/CS Revocation w/ New Sentence YOA Revocation w/ New Sentence Total

  31. Probation & Parole Admissions FY-08 Admissions 19,049 73% Probation 11% Splits Total Probation & Parole Population (FY-2008) 32,194 8% YOA Program 4% Parole Community Supervision 3% 1% Other

  32. Supervision Level By Category Standard 74% Probation Parole Youthful Offender 80% 56% High Supervision Levels Do Not Include Specialized Sex Offender Caseloads & CSP Offenders 24% Probation Parole Youthful Offender 14% 20% Intensive 2% Probation Parole Youthful Offender 6% 23%

  33. System Drivers Deserving Closer Review (Evaluation Criteria) • Offense Specific Analysis • Structural Problems • Policy Over/Under Utilization

  34. System Drivers Deserving Closer Review (Evaluation Criteria - Offenses) • Annual # Admissions • Increase in admissions over time • Length-of-Stay (LOS) • Projected Bed Day Utilization • Significant impact over many years • Potential for Change

  35. Offense/Offender Triage Burglary 2nd Degree/Non-Violent Burglary 2nd Degree Probation Violation w/out New Sentence Parole Violation w/out New Sentence Forgery Failure to Stop DUI Driving Under Suspension

  36. Structural Problem: Parole-Maxout Dilemma Parole Unavailable For No-Parole Offenders or Competes a Against Earned Time Credits

  37. Parole-Maxout Dilemma? 10-Year Total Prison Sentence with 2 Years to Serve Non-Violent Offense & Parole Eligible 1 Month 10 Years 2-Year Prison Term Parole Eligible 2.5 to 3 years Maxout Before Parole (approximately 1,000 per year)

  38. Parole-Maxout Dilemma? 10 Year Suspended on Service of 6 Years Violent Offense & Parole Eligible 10 Year Suspended 1 Month 6-Year Prison Service Mark Parole Eligible at 40 months Maxout @ 36 months

  39. % Maxout & Parole Release: Suspended Sentences New Court Admissions 2004-2008 Maxouts 81% Not Suspended Suspended 19% Paroles (NYOA) 54% Not Suspended 46% Suspended

  40. % Hearing Approval Rates, 1975-2007 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 1975 1985 1995 2007 Source: SC Statistical Analysis Center, 2008

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