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Exploring Mobile & Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Overview

Dive into the world of mobile and wireless networks with an exploration of technologies, coverage challenges, and system architectures. Understand key terminologies, network layers, and the impact of portability. Learn about different wireless technologies and associated characteristics.

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Exploring Mobile & Wireless Networks: A Comprehensive Overview

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  1. Mobile and Wireless Networking Lecture 1Dr. Xinbing Wang Thanks to Dr. W. Wang and Dr. M. Sichitiu at NCSU for sharing the slides

  2. Overview of the Course • Wireless communication systems (Chapter 1) • Flexibility to support roaming • Limitations: Geographical coverage, transmission rate, and transmission errors • Wireless communication technology • Radio propagation (Chapter 5) • Spread spectrum (Chapter 7) • Current wireless systems • Cellular network architecture (Chapter 10) • Mobile IP (Chapter 12) • Wireless LAN (Chapter 11) • Other wireless networks • Satellite systems (Chapter 9) • Ad hoc networks (Reading materials) • Sensor networks (Reading materials) • Wireless PAN (Chapter 15) Dr. Xinbing Wang

  3. Terminology • Base station (BS) or Access Point (AP): information distribution center for all mobile devices (MDs) within its signaling coverage area. • Uplink (Reverse link): Radio channels from an MD to its serving BS/AP. • Downlink (Forward link): Radio channels from the BS/AP to the MDs. Dr. Xinbing Wang

  4. Current Situation • Wireless coverage in most highly populated areas • Insufficient coverage, low system capacity, and low bandwidth • Numerous overlapping, but incompatible wireless system as the obstacles for inter-system roaming. Dr. Xinbing Wang

  5. Wide Area Network (WAN)- Coverage Mobility Personal Area Network (PAN) - Connectivity, cable replacement Vehicle Walk Outdoor New frequency allocations needed Fixed UMTS GSM, IS-95, D-AMPS Local Area Network (LAN) - Hot Spots - high speed Walk W-LANIEEE 802.11aHyperLAN2 Indoor Fixed/Desktop W BB- LAN Bluetooth 0,1 1 10 100 Mbit/s Wireless Access: Range of Operation of Different Techniques Reference to S.R. Treves (Alcatel) presentation in Mobicom’01.Rome Italy Dr. Xinbing Wang

  6. Layer Architecture • Physical layer • Transmission over the propagation channels • Modulations, coding/decoding, interferences, multiplexing etc. • Link layer • Radio resource management such as power control, rate control, and error control. • Network resource management such as call admission control and service scheduling • Networking layer • Handoff management • Location management • Traffic management Dr. Xinbing Wang

  7. Application layer Transport layer Network layer Data link layer Physical layer Influence of Mobile Communication to the Layer Model • service location • new applications, multimedia • adaptive applications • congestion and flow control • quality of service • addressing, routing, device location • hand-over • authentication • media access • multiplexing • media access control • encryption • modulation • interference • attenuation • Frequency Dr. Xinbing Wang

  8. Effects of Portability • Power consumption • Limited computing power, low quality displays, small disks due to limited battery capacity • CPU: power consumption • Transceiver power consumption • Loss of data • Higher probability, has to be included in advance into the design (e.g., defects, theft) • Limited user interfaces • compromise between size of fingers and portability • integration of character/voice recognition, abstract symbols • Limited memory • limited value of mass memories with moving parts • flash-memory as alternative Dr. Xinbing Wang

  9. Difference from Wired Networks • Higherloss-rates due to interference • emissions of, e.g., engines, lightning • Restrictiveregulations of frequencies • frequencies have to be coordinated, useful frequencies are almost all occupied • Lower transmission rate • Higher delays, higher jitter • connection setup time with GSM in the second range, several hundred milliseconds for other wireless systems • Lower security, simpler active attacking • radio interface accessible for everyone, base station can be simulated, thus attracting calls from mobile phones • Always shared medium: secure access mechanisms Dr. Xinbing Wang

  10. Wireless Technology and Associated Characteristics • Cellular Networks • Wireless LAN/PAN/Bluetooth • Satellite Based GPS • Home Networking • Ad Hoc Networks • Sensor Networks Dr. Xinbing Wang

  11. First Generation Wireless Systems Dr. Xinbing Wang

  12. Second Generation Wireless Systems Dr. Xinbing Wang

  13. Overview of the Course • Wireless communication systems (Chapter 1) • Flexibility to support roaming • Limitations: Geographical coverage, transmission rate, and transmission errors • Wireless communication technology • Radio propagation (Chapter 5) • Spread spectrum (Chapter 7) • Coding and error control (Chapter 8) • Current wireless systems • Cellular network architecture (Chapter 10) • Mobile IP (Chapter 12) • Wireless LAN (Chapters 11, 13, and 14) • Other wireless networks • Satellite systems (Chapter 9) • Ad hoc networks (Reading materials) • Sensor networks (Reading materials) • Wireless PAN (Chapter 15) Dr. Xinbing Wang

  14. Fundamentals of Cellular Systems Ideal cell area (2-10 km radius) BS Cell MS MS Alternative shape of a cell Hexagonal cell area used in most models Illustration of a cell with a mobile station and a base station Dr. Xinbing Wang

  15. HLR Mobile Switching Center (MSC) VLR Home Location Register (HLR) Visitor Location Register (VLR) VLR Location area (LA) Cell MSC MSC Basic Architecture of Current Wireless Systems Public Switched Telephone Network Cell Base Station Mobile Terminal (MT) Dr. Xinbing Wang

  16. IMT-2000 Capable Systems EDGE GSM GPRS 3G PDC cdma2000 cdmaOne TDMA/ GPRS TDMA (IS-136) TDMA/ EDGE Existing Spectrum New Spectrum Today 2G 19.2kbps 2000 evolved 2G 64--115kbps 3G 115--384kbps | 0.384--2Mbps Evolution to 3G Dr. Xinbing Wang

  17. 2001 2002 2005 2010 Time Schedule for 3G/4G Europe and Selected Regions Open First Networks Commercially 4G Japan Launch IMT-2000 Global Harmonization Dr. Xinbing Wang

  18. Personal Multimedia Mobile End User needs • Instant access to information services • Anytime, Any Place, Any Device • Personalized: “My Service, My Applications” • Location-based: Relevant to wherever I am • e-Commerce, m-Commerce • Always On Dr. Xinbing Wang

  19. Subscriber Growth 3G Subscribers 20 (8 China, 1.5US, 1.7 UK, 0.6 Japan) Subscribers (100 millions) 16 2G Digital only Subscribers 12 8 1G Analogue only Subscribers 4 1992 2009 1990 1991 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2010 Year Dr. Xinbing Wang

  20. After Class • Reading materials • Introduction, chapter 1 • Transmission fundamentals, chapter 2 • Appendix 2A • Exercises • What is the main difference between wireless communications and wireline communications? • What are the main functions of base stations/access points? • What is FDMA/TDMA/CDMA? • What is the current status of wireless networking? • How different/similar of wireless networking and the Internet protocol stack/ Dr. Xinbing Wang

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