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The Treaty of Versailles marked the end of World War I, with Germany agreeing to cease fire but not surrendering. The treaty, proposed by the Big Three (Great Britain, France, and the United States), aimed to weaken Germany and establish peace without victory. It forced Germany to take full blame for the war and imposed heavy reparations, leading to long-term consequences. The treaty also introduced Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, promoting self-determination, freedom of trade, disarmament, and the creation of the League of Nations. The aftermath saw the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the mandate system carving Arab lands, and conflicts like the Japan-China tension. Additionally, the rise of Indian nationalism under leaders like Mohandas Gandhi challenged British rule and culminated in India's independence in 1947. The Treaty of Versailles not only set the stage for global tensions leading to World War II but also shaped political landscapes and movements across the world.
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German Kaiser abdicates and leaves for Netherlands Armistice Day cease fire with Germany November 11, 1918
Treaty of Versailles Germany agreed to cease fire – not surrender
Treaty of Versailles The Big Three Great Britain – David Lloyd George France – Georges Clemenceau Goals: Weaken Germany United States – Woodrow Wilson Goals: Peace without Victory Fourteen Points
Treaty of Versailles Germany agreed to cease fire – not surrender – Germany forced to take full blame
Treaty of Versailles Germany agreed to cease fire – not surrender Germany forced to take full blame Reparations – • Cost of war • Pensions • 3 Trillion today
Treaty of Versailles President Woodrow Wilson Fourteen Points • Self-determination – Each country chooses • Freedom of Trade – world trade by choice • Disarmament – Prevent Germany from rebuilding • League of Nations – an international peace keeper
Treaty of Versailles Germany agreed to cease fire – not surrender Self – Determination Right for each country to determine own government European Countries Italy did not get land from Austrian Hungarian Empire
Treaty of Versailles Germany agreed to cease fire – not surrender Self – Determination European Countries Italy did not get land from Austrian Hungarian Empire Mandate System China and Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire Collapses Turkey became a Republic Modernization and Westernization Arab lands carved into Mandates Arabs had been promised independence
Ottoman Empire Collapses Turkey became a Republic Modernization and Westernization Arab lands carved into Mandates Palestine Region • Arab Nationals were promised lands • Jewish Zionists were promised same lands
Japan – China conflict Germany gave concessions to Japan in China May 4th Movement in China Populist movement away from the elitist the “New Culture Movement” Nationalist Party begins in China
India • Promised self-determination denied by Britain • Surge in Indian Nationalism • Mohandas Gandhi • Became leader of India non-violent nationalist movement
Mohandas Gandhi Became leader of India non-violent nationalist movement India • The Salt March 12 March 1930 and was an important part of the Indian independence movement. It was a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India, and triggered the wider Civil Disobedience Movement.
India Mohandas Gandhi • Independence in 1947 • Assassinated in 1948 by Hindu extremist
“The war to end all war” Was the beginning of something even bigger WORLD WAR II
