The following powerpoints will help you with your revision.

1. The following powerpoints will help you with your revision. You can learn the list of keywords for a question. The following slide shows you how you use the keywords to form the answer.

2. Volcano question (1)

3. Referring to a case study describe and explain the effects of a volcano eruption (6) Mt St Helens 1980 Earthquake Landslide Pyroclastic flow Sun blocked out Ruined crops Suffocation 57 died

4. Referring to a case study describe and explain the effects of a volcano eruption (6) In 1980, Mt St Helens had an earthquake which caused a landslide of mud and ice. This was followed by a pyroclastic flow of dust and ash. This caused the sun to blocked out, crops were ruined, animals and people suffocated. As a result, 57 people died.

5. Volcano question (2)

6. Why do people live near volcanoes? (6) • Fertile soil • Tourism • Valuable materials • Geothermal energy

7. Why do people live near volcanoes? (6) • Mt Vesuvius • Fertile soils are created by broken down volcanic rock which help peaches and lemons grow • Tourism creates a lot of money and people visit Herculaneum and Pompeii • Pumice is hardened volcanic dust which is used for cosmetics • Geothermal heat is found in Iceland which generates heat and energy

8. Development (aid) question (1)

9. Referring to a case study give an example of a country that needed relief aid (6) • Ethiopia • 1984 • Drought • Famine • War • ½ million died • Live Aid raised £110m

10. Referring to a case study give an example of a country that needed relief aid (6) • In 1984 there was a drought in Ethopia which was made worse by the war. ½ million people died and Live Aid raised £110m.

11. Earthquake question (1)

12. Referring to a case study describe the effects of an earthquake (6) • Kobe 1995 • Landslides • Kobe destroyed • 1000 houses collapsed • Electricity & gas • Schools • 5,500 died • No emergency services

13. Referring to a case study describe the effects of an earthquake (6) • In January, 1995 an earthquake struck Kobe. It caused landslides and the port of Kobe was destroyed. • 1000 houses collapsed • Electricity and gas systems were destroyed and so were many schools. • 5,500 people died and there were no emergency services available.

14. Earthquake question (2)

15. Referring to an earthquake you have studied describe the response (5) • Kobe 1995 • Emergency • Fires • Unsafe buildings • Roads • Stress & shock

16. Referring to an earthquake you have studied describe the response (5) • In Kobe, 1995 the emergency action was to help those trapped and injured and to put out the fires. • Bulldozers were used to demolish unsafe buildings. • Roads and railways were had to be cleared. • People were given help to cope with stress and shockfs

17. Coast (1)

18. Referring to a place you have studied describe the problems the problems that have arisen due to coastal erosion (3) • Mappleton, East of England • 1990 • Soft clay

19. Referring to a place you have studied describe the problems the problems that have arisen due to coastal erosion (3) • Mappleton is on the east coast of England. It suffers from erosion from the waves. In 1990, Mappleton was at serious threat of disappearing. • The area is made of soft clay.

20. Coast (2)

21. Referring to a case study describe the attempts to reduce the problems of coastal erosion (5) • Mappleton • E of England • 1990 • £2m coastal protection • Boulders • 2 groynes

22. Referring to a case study describe the attempts to reduce the problems of coastal erosion (5) • In Mappleton, East of England by 1990 there was a real threat that it would be lost to the sea due to erosion. • £2m was spent on coastal protection. • Boulders were put at the bottom of the cliff. • Two rock groynes were built to trap beach material.

23. Settlement

24. Referring to a place you have studied describe what has been done to improve a shanty town (6) • Rio de Janeiro • Brazil • Self-help • Plot • Government • Improvements • Basic services • Community spirit

25. Referring to a place you have studied describe what has been done to improve a shanty town (6) • In Rio de Janeiro, Brazil the government has tried to improve the shanty towns by creating self-help schemes. • People are allowed to keep their plot of land (so they are no longer illegal) • The government gives money so people can make improvements to their homes and basic services such as sewerage systems and water tanks. • People help each other with improvements which creates a good community spirit.

26. Agriculture question (1)

27. Referring to a case study describe a type of farming in an MEDC (6) • East Anglia • London market • Roads • EU Grants • Intensive • Commercial • Mechanized • Profit

28. Referring to a case study describe a type of farming in an MEDC (6) • In East Anglia, there is a good road link which connects to their main market in London. • Farmers are given EU grants. • This farming is intensive which means a large area of land is used compared to amount of inputs. • It is commercial farming which is for profit and it is highly mechanized which means machines are mainly used instead of people.

29. Agriculture question 2

30. Referring to a case study, describe the main features of an intensive, commercial arable farm (6) • East Anglia • Intensive • Amalgamation • One crop • Hedgerows • Machinery • Fertilisers • Agribusiness

31. Referring to a case study, describe the main features of an intensive, commercial arable farm (6) • In East Anglia, arable farms are intensive so there is a low input into a relatively large area. • Farms are amalgamated, i.e. when hedgerows are removed so there is one large farm that grows one crop. It makes it easier for machinery to move around. • Chemical fertilisers are used. • Crops are sold for profit

32. Agriculture question 3

33. Describe the main features of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (4) • Productivity • Fair • Stable prices • Food supplies

34. Describe the main features of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) (4) • Increase productivity • Give farm workers a fair standard of living • Keep prices of agricultural products stable • Maintain food supplies • Reasonable prices for customer

35. Agricultural question 4

36. Describe how a region has benefitted from the CAP (4) • East Anglia • Good prices • Subsidies • Self-sufficient

37. Describe how a region has benefitted from the CAP (4) • In East Anglia • If the market price for farm products falls too low then CAP buys it so farmers still get a good price • Farmers were given subsidies (money) to increase production. This helped East Anglia to be more self-sufficient (not having to rely on other countries)

38. Agriculture question 5

39. What problems resulted from CAP? (5) • Overproduction • Environmental damage • Hedgerows • Monotonous

40. What problems resulted from CAP? (5) • Because farmers were receiving subsidies for whatever they produced, they ended up producing too much (e.g. butter mountains) • The removal of hedgerows to make bigger farms lead to the loss of wildlife habitats • The landscape became too monotonous (looking the same/boring)

41. Agriculture question 6

42. Describe the physical features of hill sheep farming (4) • Steep • Thin soils • Rain • Cool • Difficult access

43. Describe the physical features of hill sheep farming (4) • Sheep tend to be farmed on steep slopes where the soil is thin and acid which are not good for crops. • Temperatures are cool 14-15°c and rainfall is high. • The steepness and narrow roads mean it is difficult to reach.

44. Agriculture question 7

45. Referring to a case study, describe the physical and human characteristics of hill farming (6) • Lake District • Pastoral • Extensive • Large area • Hardy breed • Meat • Wool • Little machinery

46. Referring to a case study, describe the physical and human characteristics of hill farming (6) • In the Lake District, the pastoral farming is hill sheep farming and it is extensive (i.e. large area of land). Hardy breeds are used as they can survive the cold and harsh weather). • They are bred for meat and wool. Little machinery is used.

47. Agriculture question 8

48. Describe the three zones of land use on a hill sheep farm? (5) • Open fell: summer • Intake: stone walls • In bye: winter, lambs

49. Describe the three zones of land use on a hill sheep farm? (5) • The open fell is the highest land and sheep graze here in the summer. • The intake (lower down) is enclosed by stone walls. • The inbye is closes to the farm buildings and is sheltered. It is used in winter and lambing season.

50. Agriculture question 9