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Male & Female Reproductive Systems

Male & Female Reproductive Systems. Anatomy & Physiology Mrs. Halkuff. Functions of the Male Reproductive Organs. Produce, maintain, support sperm & semen. Discharge sperm into female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse.

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Male & Female Reproductive Systems

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  1. Male & Female Reproductive Systems Anatomy & Physiology Mrs. Halkuff

  2. Functions of the Male Reproductive Organs • Produce, maintain, support sperm & semen. • Discharge sperm into female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse. • Produce & secrete male hormones that maintain the male reproductive system. • Much of the male reproductive system is external.

  3. Organs of Male Reproduction • Penis: Male organ used in sexual intercourse. • Root: Attaches to the wall of abdomen • Shaft: Length of the penis • Glans: Dome-shaped head of the penis • Glans is covered with foreskin which can be removed by a surgical procedure called circumcision.

  4. Penis • Consists of 3 cylindrical chambers: • Corpus Cavernosum: 2 chambers that run along the side of the penis. • Blood fills these chambers to create an erection. • Corpus Spongiosum: 1 chamber that runs along the front of the penis. • Blood fills this chamber to keep the urethra open during an erection.

  5. Scrotum • Loose pouch-like sac of skin • Hangs below & behind the penis • Acts as “climate control” for the testicles (testes): 96º • Cremaster muscle in the wall allow it to contract for up toward the body for warmth and relax away from the body to cool. Testicles (Testes) • Oval organs about the size of large olives. • Responsible for making the hormone testosterone. • House the seminiferous tubules: Produce sperm cells.

  6. Epididymis • Coiled tube on backside of each testicle. • Transports & stores sperm made in testes until mature. • Leads sperm into the vas deferens Vas deferens • Tube that transports mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation.

  7. Seminal Vessicles • Sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens. • Produce sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that nourish sperm & help them to move. • This fluid makes up most of the ejaculate fluid. Prostate Gland • Walnut-sized gland below the bladder • Adds additional fluid to ejaculate. • Urethra runs through the center of the prostate gland. • Semen: Milky white liquid that serves as a medium to transport sperm. Gives them something to swim in!

  8. Male Hormones • Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Promotes sperm production (spermatogenesis) • Luteinizing Hormone: Stimulates the production of testosterone. • Testosterone: Responsible for development of male characteristics. • Muscle mass/Strength • Fat distribution • Bone mass • Facial hair • Voice change • Sex drive.

  9. Functions of the Female Reproductive Organs • Produce sex hormones & gametes (eggs) • Support developing embryo • Nourish newborn infant

  10. Organs of Female Reproduction • Vulva: External female anatomy (Mons pubis) • Labia Majora: Translates as “Large lips” • Protect & cover entrance to the vagina • Large & fleshy • Contain sweat & oil secreting glands • Covered by hair after puberty. • Labia Minora: Translates as “Small lips” • Lie interior to the labia majora • Surround the openings to the vagina & urethra • Hairless

  11. Bartholin’s Gland • Glands next to the vaginal opening that secrete mucus. Clitoris • Small, sensitive protrusion where the two labia minora meet. • Sensitive to stimulation & can become erect. • Covered by a fold of skin (prepuce). • Comparable to the male penis.

  12. Ovaries • Small, almond shaped organs located on either side of the uterus. • Produce ova (eggs) • Secrete hormones Fallopian Tubes • Narrow tubes that transport the egg from the ovaries to the uterus. • Have fimbrae (“fingers”) that catch the egg when it ruptures from the ovary. • Location of fertilization

  13. Uterus • Pear-sized, hollow muscular organ • Receives & nourishes fertilized egg. • 2 Divisions: • Cervix: Lower portion that opens to the vagina • Corpus: Main body that expands to hold a developing baby. • If fertilization does not occur, the lining will be shed. Vagina • Elastic, muscular tube that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. • Sperm is deposited here during intercourse. • “Birth canal”

  14. Female Hormones • Estrogen: Development & maintenance of female reproductive structures. Stimulates growth of uterine lining. • Progesterone: Maintains uterine lining for pregnancy. • Follicle Stimulating Hormone: Regulates egg production in the ovaries. • Luteinizing Hormone: Induces ovulation.

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