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Implications of Arizona’s Implementation of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws

Implications of Arizona’s Implementation of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws. Gabriella Sanchez Arizona State University gsanch1@asu.edu. Agenda. Arizona’s Location and Geography Anti-Human Trafficking Law Background Local Human Smuggling Operations and their transformation

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Implications of Arizona’s Implementation of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws

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  1. Implications of Arizona’s Implementation of Anti-Human Trafficking Laws Gabriella SanchezArizona State University gsanch1@asu.edu

  2. Agenda • Arizona’s Location and Geography • Anti-Human Trafficking Law Background • Local Human Smuggling Operations and their transformation • TVPA and role of local religious organizations • Local Border Security Concerns • Anti-Human Trafficking law • Implications • No convictions on Trafficking • Conspiracy Charges • Racial Profiling • Lack of expedited access to justice

  3. US Mexico Border

  4. Geography

  5. Arizona Sonora Border

  6. Maricopa County

  7. Anti-Human Trafficking Law, SB1372 • Local Human Smuggling Operations • TVPA and role of Local Religious Organizations • ALERT • Religious Rights Efforts • Local Border Security Concerns • Smugglers as Increasingly violent • Ties between drug and human smuggling operations • Overall concerns over growing undocumented population from Mexico • Coupling of religious rights’ moral concerns with national security “demands”

  8. SB 1372 (cont.) • Signed in 2005 • Defines sexual trafficking of minors and attempted sex trafficking of minors as class 2 felonies (prison eligible) • Trafficking of persons for forced labor or services • Court’s obligation to order victim’s compensation • Amendment in 2009, introduces trafficking as deception, force or coercion.

  9. Implications • No sex trafficking convictions • Racial Profiling • Abuse of power • Lack of Expedited Access to Justice • Conspiracy charges against undocumented immigrants for smuggling • NGOs funded under TVPA not providing contractually stipulated services • Determination of victim status, highly discretionary

  10. Conclusions • No actual resolution of child prostitution or sex trafficking (In fact, never proved) • Criminalization of undocumented immigrants • Increasing pressures on detention facilities and upon law enforcement • Reinforcement of racial and cultural stereotypes of Mexican undocumented immigrants as criminal • Lack of organization’s accountability. • Actual victims whereabouts, unknown.

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