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CHAPTER 14

BLOOD. CHAPTER 14. Functions of Blood Components of Whole Blood Hemostasis Blood Groups and Blood Types Common Disorders and Medical Terminology. Wordbytes. Components Blood (heme-, hemo-, -emia) Heart (cardio-) Blood vessels (vascular). Functions O 2 and nutrients to all cells

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CHAPTER 14

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  1. BLOOD CHAPTER 14

  2. Functions of Blood • Components of Whole Blood • Hemostasis • Blood Groups and Blood Types • Common Disorders and Medical Terminology

  3. Wordbytes

  4. Components Blood (heme-, hemo-, -emia) Heart (cardio-) Blood vessels (vascular) Functions O2 and nutrients to all cells CO2 and waste products (chemicals from chemical reactions) from cells A 1

  5. Blood transports O2 & CO2 Nutrients Waste products Heat Enzymes Hormones A 2

  6. Four aspects of homeostasis regulated by blood pH Temperature Water Dissolved chemicals

  7. Protection Phagocytosis Platelets Antibodies

  8. Connective tissue Living blood cells called formed elements – 45% Plasma – 55% Erythrocytes – red blood cells Leukocytes – white blood cells Thrombocytes – clotting cell fragments Composition

  9. Heavier blood cells Hematocrit – % of blood that is erythrocytes Hemoglobin – amount of the protein in the RBC that carries Oxygen Erythrocytes

  10. Leukocytes – together with platelets are about 1% of blood volume Platelets “Buffy Coat”

  11. Pluripotent stem cells AKA human embryonic stemcells Hematopoiesis

  12. % of RBC increase to 65% or more Normal female hematocrit 38 – 46% Normal male hematocrit 40 – 54% Polycythemia

  13. Pros In some Blood dyscrasias there is a need to increase the concentration of RBCs Blood doping – increasing the ratio of RBCs esp in athletes who try to increase athletic ability by increasing the number of RBCs which then increases the amount of oxygen to the cells – by phlebotomy or training at a high altitude Cons Viscosity Difficult for Heart to pump Blood Pressure Risk of Stroke (CVA) Induced Polycythemia

  14. Anemia Condition in which oxygen carrying capacity of blood is reduced Cyanosis Slightly bluish/dark-purple skin tone Discolorations caused by lowered hemoglobin (O2 carrier) in blood

  15. White Blood Cells - Leukocytes • B 10 • B 11

  16. B 12

  17. Screen for anemia and various infections RBCs, WBCs, and platelets per microliter of whole blood Hematocrit Differential WBC count Hemoglobin CBC

  18. Three steps Hemostasis

  19. C 9 Healthy practices to reduce risk of unwanted blood clots • Treat conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases • Don’t smoke – if you do – quit • If overweight or obese, lose weight • Stay active – keep blood flowing in calves, esp during long trips or after surgery (Happy Feet)

  20. Clotting Coagulation Occurs in absence of RBCs Requires platelets Agglutination Antigen-antibody process does require RBCs Clumping Clotting vs Agglutination

  21. D 3

  22. D 3 continued

  23. Leukemia Red bone marrow cancers Higher number than normal WBC Interferes with WBC, RBC, and platelet production Septicemia Toxins or disease-causing bacteria throughout the bloodstream Define terms

  24. Thrombocytopenia Lower platelet count Tendency to bleed from capillaries Jaundice Abnormal yellow color in skin, eyes, and mucosa Too much bilirubin in blood Neonatal, Hepatitis, Liver disease Define terms

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