WORKINGS OF OUR GOVERNMENT

2. What would life be like without Government? • Better…why? • Worse…why? • Should you be active in Government? • How can you be? • What does our Government do for us? • Protect us • Provide education • Protect our health • Protect our environment • Pave streets • Regulate traffic • Punish criminals • Protect civil rights WORKINGS OF OUR GOVERNMENT

3. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT? – the institution which a society makes and enforces its public policies. Every Government (Federal and all State) have 3 basic kinds of power: Legislative – the power to make law Executive – the power to execute, enforce and administer law Judicial – the power to interpret laws

4. The state is any body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically (with a government), and with the power to make and enforce laws with a higher authority. 190 states in the world THE ‘STATE’

5. 4 things a State must have: • POPULATION – a State must have people (any number) • TERRITORY – must have area (no limits) • San Marino is 24 square miles • Russia is 6.6 million miles • SOVEREIGNTY – the State has absolute power within it own territory and can decide all policies • GOVERNMENT – a State must be politically organized THE STATE

6. Origins of the State The Force Theory The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. The Evolutionary Theory The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family. The Divine Right Theory The theory of divine right holds that God created the state and that God gives those of royal birth a “divine right” to rule. The Social Contract Theory The social contract theory argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people.

7. What is the purpose of the UNITED STATES Government?

8. Form a more perfect union – to better unite the country Establish Justice – to protect and serve you Insure Domestic Tranquility – peace at home Provide for a common Defense – Defend ourselves abroad Provide for General Welfare – to take care of its citizens (clean food, water and air) Secure blessing of Liberty – provide Basic civil rights THE PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENT

9. Write me 3-5 sentences telling me which of the 6 purposes of our government is the most important. 6 purposes of government

10. The4 Types of Governments

11. Dictatorship One-person rule. Ruler has total control. Absolute monarchs are also dictatorships. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1.People are afforded little or no individual liberty. Civil rights are trampled on. 1.People may be united in their loyalty to a dictator since there is no competition for trust and affection. 2. A dictator’s policies suit his/her own needs. Needs of the people may be neglected. 2.In an emergency, a dictator can move quickly to take action. No time is lost in debate or discussion. 3.Decision making has a narrow base - can be flawed, wrong, dangerous, and not fully supported by the people.

12. HITLER DICTATOR

13. Other dictators – CAN YOU NAME THEM

14. Oligarchy Form of government in which the power is in the hands of a few persons or small group (who have the combined power of a dictator.) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1.Decisions can be made relatively quickly. Same as Dictatorship (Needs and wants of the people are not necessarily considered.) 2.May provide expert leadership while avoiding the danger of one-person rule. 3. In theory, they are the most educated members of society. 4. Members of the oligarchy listen to each other - they work together to rule.

15. Direct Democracy Government in which all citizens have equal power in decision making. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1.Every citizen has equal power in matters of government. Every citizen is involved in the decision making. 1.Only works when a small number of people are involved. Ability to gather all citizens in one place is necessary. 2.Since all citizens are involved in decision making, there is a broad base of support and loyalty. 2.Decision making involving all citizens is time-consuming. All citizens give in-put, debate, etc... 3. Individual liberties are protected.

16. Representative Democracy Government in which people elect representatives who hold the decision making power. ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES 1.Citizens are involved in decision making through their representatives, lobbying, and voting. 1.Decision making is time consuming. Desire of representatives to please everyone may cripple system. 2.Representatives are aware their job depends on meeting the needs of their constituents. 2.Representatives may not always agree with those they represent. 3.More likely that all elements of the population are represented. 3.Lack of involved citizenry may allow special interest groups to influence or dominate representatives. 4.Generally, reps are educated and more-capable citizens who can devote time needed to solve complex problems.

17. Classification by Geographic Distribution of Power Unitary Government • A unitary government has all powers held by a single, central agency. • Confederate Government • A confederation is an alliance of independent states. • Federal Government • A federal government is one in which the powers of government are divided between a central government and several local governments. • An authority superior to both the central and local governments makes this division of power on a geographic basis.

18. Classification by the Relationship Between Legislative and Executive Branches

19. Government is among the oldest of all human inventions! • More than 2,000 years B.C. there were Governments. • Why? Is it necessary? • Greeks and Romans has very specialized governments with a Senate, Consuls (like our Pres. And VP) and various Governors – to rule their provinces. HISTORY OF GOVERNMENTsandrepublics

20. what is the difference between politics and government? • Politics is the process of creating and maintaining laws • Government is the institution itself “man is by nature a political animal” - Aristotle (250 B.C.) Politics…

21. LETS READ PAGE 17 TOGETHER…

22. Democracy rests on these notions: • Recognition of the worth of the individual. • Respect for the equality of everyone. • Faith in Majority rule, and furthering of minority rights. • Necessity of Compromise. • Insistence upon individual freedoms. THE AMErICAN CONCEPT OF DEMOCRACY

23. Everyone is of equal importance • This doesn’t mean everyone is equal • Money • Jobs • House • Etc… 1. Worth

24. ‘equality of opportunity’ • ‘equality before the law’ • Just as with worth, not everyone is equal Equality

25. Strongest and richest do not automatically rule • Democracy is a ‘trial-n-error’ process • Minority will always be recognized and helped Majority rule, minority rights

26. Decisions are compromised • Every decision goes through a process of argument Compromise

27. We as Americans have freedom to do as we wish. • Many Communist and dictatorships limit the freedoms of their citizens • No cell phones • No internet • No schooling Individual freedom “THE RIGHTS OF EVERY MAN ARE DIMINISHED WHEN THE RIGHTS OF ONE MAN ARE THREATENED” JOHN F. KENNEDY