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The Basics of Government and Economic Systems

The Basics of Government and Economic Systems. World Studies. What is government?. From the Latin “to manage” A government is a body that has the power to make and the authority to enforce rules and laws. What purpose does government serve?. Rules/ laws Protect citizens

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The Basics of Government and Economic Systems

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  1. The Basics of Government and Economic Systems World Studies

  2. What is government? • From the Latin “to manage” • A government is a body that has the power to make and the authority to enforce rules and laws.

  3. What purpose does government serve? Rules/ laws Protect citizens Implement justice Provide various services (taxation)

  4. Monarcy • Power is passed from generation to generation via an heir. • Absolute power • Kings/queens, pharaohs, tsars, emperors. • Historical ex. : Rome, Egypt, England • Modern ex.: Saudi Arabia

  5. Constitutional Monarchy • Monarch in power; however, power is limited by constitution. • Monarch is largely symbolic; Prime Minister/ Parliament have real power. • Ex. United Kingdom today.

  6. Democracy • In Democratic systems, citizens have the right to choose their leaders (or to become leaders themselves.) • Direct Democracy • Citizens vote directly on issues. • Ancient Greece • Representative Democracy • Citizens elect others to govern for them • U.S. today

  7. Dictatorship Rule by an individual who has full power over the country. Ruler is above the constitution Power may be gained by force but may also be democratically elected and change constitution Historical ex.: Hitler in Germany, Stalin in Soviet Union. Modern ex.: North Korea

  8. Dictators Adolf Hitler of Germany Kim Jong Il of North Korea

  9. Theocracy • A government led by a religious leader. • Instead of a constitution, a holy text generally guides rules and laws. • Ex. Iran, Pakistan, Vatican

  10. Anarchy • The absence of government. • Belief that people can exist peacefully without government. • Also… • Political disorder, lawlessness, chaos.

  11. Economic Systems • Traditional Economy (Barter) • People produce most of what they need to survive • Hunting and gathering are the basis for this economy • Market Economy (Capitalism) • Individuals buy and sell goods and services • Businesses and industries produce and sell goods for money • Minimal government involvement

  12. Economic Systems • Command Economy (Communism) • The government controls what goods are produced, and how they are produced and what they cost. • Mixed Economy (Capitalism/ Communism) • Most nations have a mixed economy • Individuals make some decisions and the government makes others. • The United States has a mixed economy.

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