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REVIEW: ARGUMENT

REVIEW: ARGUMENT. The Argument Clinic. INVENTION. How should you begin? (also called what is the STASIS of the argument) Ask what type of question at issue and basic requirements needed (i.e. sort out what type of argument to make): Fact or probable fact: What is the case?

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REVIEW: ARGUMENT

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  1. REVIEW: ARGUMENT The Argument Clinic

  2. INVENTION • How should you begin? (also called what is the STASIS of the argument) • Ask what type of question at issue and basic requirements needed (i.e. sort out what type of argument to make): • Fact or probable fact: What is the case? (questions of: DESCRIPTION, ANALYSIS, DEFINITION, COMPARISON, CAUSE(S)/EFFECT(S), CONSEQUENCES; IMPLICATIONS; SIGNIFICANCE) • Quality: How should we judge it? (questions of: EVALUATION– PRAGMATIC, ETHICAL, AESTHETIC) • Action: What should we do? (questions of: POLICY, PROPOSAL, PROBLEM-SOLUTION)

  3. THE TOPICS • the topics are the “places” the rhetor turns to to discover what to say • there are those that express or generate issues (MATERIAL) • and those that provide only the “form” of the argument (FORMAL)

  4. COMMON V. SPECIAL • COMMON TOPICS: • applicable to all subjects • e.g. more/less, possible/impossible, past/future fact, and the premises or assumptions that come from these headings • definition, division, comparison, relationship, circumstance, testimony • SPECIAL TOPICS: • having to do with specific, independent areas • deliberative, judicial, ceremonial • Deliberative: good. unworthy. advantageous. disadvantageous. • Judicial: justice (right). injustice (wrong). • Ceremonial: virtue (the noble). vice (the base).

  5. SPECIAL TOPICS • A MORE CURRENT WAY OF EXAMINING THESE: • “commonplaces” • assumptions about the structure of reality • assumptions about hierarchies of value

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