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© David Last

Spectrum Wars Give us this Day our Daily Bread. Professor David Last Dr Sally Basker. European Navigation Conference ENC2011. 29 November – 1 December 2011 London. Picture: earthobservatory.nasa. gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/. © David Last. Precision Agriculture.

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© David Last

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  1. Spectrum Wars Give us this Day our Daily Bread Professor David Last Dr Sally Basker European Navigation Conference ENC2011 29 November – 1 December 2011 London Picture: earthobservatory.nasa. gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/ © David Last

  2. Precision Agriculture Source: Robertson, M., Carberry, P., and Brennan, L. (2007) The economic benefits of precision agriculture: Case studies from Australian grain farms. CSIRO, March 2007. ISSN: 1883-4563

  3. Overall profitability: +12% Annual fuel savings: 13% Source: Fleetmatics (2011) How GPS fleet tracking can reduce fuel costs for your business. (webpage) White Paper, May 2011, http://goo.gl/qpCaL [accessed 19th November 2011].

  4. GPS and other satellite navigation services … have applications so pervasive that there is now a real threat to global security if the systems should fail. • GNSS signals are used internationally by almost every industry: rail, road, aviation, space, maritime, agriculture, energy, surveying, construction, law enforcement and communications. • Dependence on GNSS connects many independent services into an ‘accidental system’ with a single point of failure: the satellite PNT signal. • A satellite signal is a weak foundation for important services … and can fail in dozens of ways. Source: www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/issues/issue43/issue43_opinion.pdf (Dr Martyn Thomas)

  5. andIRNSS (India) GPS plus … GLONASS (Russia) Compass-Beidou (China) QZSS (Japan) GALILEO (Europe) IRNSS (India) … and all the augmentations:

  6. The Triple Whammy! Each new satellite increases the noise level © David Last

  7. Picture: The Triple Whammy! 1. Each new satellite increases the noise level Source: Guenther Hein: scpnt.stanford.edu/pnt/PNT10/presentation_slides/3-PNT_Symposium_Hein.pdf © David Last

  8. The Triple Whammy! 2. GNSS systems compete for spectrum © David Last

  9. The Triple Whammy! 2. GNSS systems compete for spectrum waas.stanford.edu/~wwu/papers/gps/PDF/Thesis/GraceGaoThesis08.pdf © David Last

  10. The Triple Whammy! 2. GNSS systems compete for spectrum www.gpsworld.com/gnss-system/signal-processing/gnss-rf-compatibility-assessment-10837

  11. The Triple Whammy! 3. Communications systems compete for spectrum © David Last

  12. The Triple Whammy! 3. Communications systems compete for spectrum © David Last

  13. The Triple Whammy! 1. Each new satellite increases the noise level 2. GNSS systems compete for spectrum 3. Communications systems compete for spectrum © David Last

  14. The Triple Whammy! • Each new satellite increases the noise level • GNSS systems compete for spectrum • Communications systems compete for spectrum • And in addition … • Unintentional radio interference • Intentional Jamming and Spoofing © David Last

  15. So … how goes the war? • Satellite navigation is now highly political • Every industry uses GNSS • The Triple Whammy and jamming • Threats are national and international • Spectrum wars affect our Daily Bread © David Last

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