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Introduction notes to ERG Workshop on URHIP JINR Dubna & ITEP Moscow

Introduction notes to ERG Workshop on URHIP JINR Dubna & ITEP Moscow. Goal:. Joint efforts on understanding various aspects. of URHIP from Nuclotron to LHC. Femtoscopy, flows, event structure,. jets, probes of early stages,. signals of deconfinement, hydro-kinetic evolution, …. q. q. q.

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Introduction notes to ERG Workshop on URHIP JINR Dubna & ITEP Moscow

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  1. Introduction notes to ERG Workshop on URHIP JINR Dubna & ITEP Moscow Goal: Joint efforts on understanding various aspects of URHIP from Nuclotron to LHC Femtoscopy, flows, event structure, jets, probes of early stages, signals of deconfinement, hydro-kinetic evolution, … R. Lednický werg'06

  2. q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q q Deconfinement to Quark-Gluon Plasma LQCD predicts a phase transition to a QGP where the long range confining force is screened. ( 100 000  Tcenter of the sun) Tc = 173 15 MeV ec 0.7 GeV/fm3 ( 4  nuclear density) F. Karsch and E. Laermann, ArXiv: hep-lat/0305025, in “Quark-Gluon Plasma 3” ~ ½ year on 10GFlops computer ~ 1017 operations

  3. wQGP sQGP QGPgas vs.QGPliquid R. Lednický werg'06

  4. Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment • The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC • Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark–gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration’s critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions • Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration p. 1–27 p. 28–101 p. 102–283 p. 184–283 Nuclear Physics A 757, issues 1-2 8 August 2005 First Three Years of Operations of RHIC R. Lednický werg'06

  5. Thermal equilibrium R. Lednický werg'06

  6. jet-quenching effect  created matterof extreme density and thus very opaque to hard partons • The strong suppression of hadronic spectra by up to a factor of five in the most central collisions

  7. Ideal liquid  Evidence for ideal liquid from elliptic flow in most central collisions at RHIC

  8. Correlation femtoscopy : Measurement of space-time characteristics R, c ~ fm of particle production using particle correlations R. Lednický werg'06

  9. QS symmetrization of production amplitude particle momentum correlations are sensitive to space-time structure of the source KP’71-75 total pair spin CF=1+(-1)Scos qx exp(-ip1x1) p1 2 x1 ,nns,s x2 1/R0 1 p2 2R0 nnt,t q =p1- p2 , x = x1- x2 |q| 0 R. Lednický werg'06

  10. 3-dim fit: CF=1+exp(-Rx2qx2 –Ry2qy2-Rz2qz2-2Rxz2qxqz) Examples of present data: NA49 & STAR Correlation strength or chaoticity Interferometry or correlation radii STAR  KK NA49 Coulomb corrected z x y

  11. f (degree) KP (71-75) … Probing source shape and emission duration Static Gaussian model with space and time dispersions R2, R||2, 2 Rx2 = R2 +v22  Ry2 = R2 Rz2 = R||2 +v||22 Emission duration 2 = (Rx2- Ry2)/v2 If elliptic shape also in transverse plane  RyRsideoscillates with pair azimuth f Rside2 fm2 Out-of plane Circular In-plane Rside(f=90°) small Out-of reaction plane A Rside (f=0°) large In reaction plane z B R. Lednický werg'06

  12. Probing source dynamics - expansion Dispersion of emitter velocities & limited emission momenta (T)  x-p correlation: interference dominated by pions from nearby emitters Resonances GKP’71 ..  Interference probes only a part of the source Strings Bowler’85 ..  Interferometry radii decrease with pair velocity Hydro Pratt’84,86 Kolehmainen, Gyulassy’86 Makhlin-Sinyukov’87 Pt=160MeV/c Pt=380 MeV/c Bertch, Gong, Tohyama’88 Hama, Padula’88 Pratt, Csörgö, Zimanyi’90 Rout Rside Mayer, Schnedermann, Heinz’92 Rout Rside ….. Collective transverse flow F RsideR/(1+mt F2/T)½ Longitudinal boost invariant expansion during proper freeze-out (evolution) time  1 in LCMS }  Rlong(T/mt)½/coshy

  13. AGSSPSRHIC: radii vs pt Central Au+Au or Pb+Pb Rlong:increases smoothly & points to short evolution time  ~ 8-10 fm/c Rside,Rout: change little & point to strong transverse flow 0F~ 0.4-0.6 & short emission duration  ~ 2 fm/c

  14. Expected evolution of HI collision vs RHIC data Bass’02 QGP and hydrodynamic expansion hadronic phase and freeze-out initial state pre-equilibrium hadronization Kinetic freeze out dN/dt Chemical freeze out RHIC side & out radii: 2 fm/c Rlong & radii vs reaction plane: 10 fm/c 1 fm/c 5 fm/c 10 fm/c 50 fm/c time R. Lednický werg'06

  15. Hydro assuming ideal fluid explains strong collective () flows at RHIC but not the interferometryresults Femtoscopy Puzzle ? But comparing Bass, Dumitru, .. 1+1D Hydro+UrQMD 1+1D H+UrQMD Huovinen, Kolb, .. 2+1D Hydro with 2+1D Hydro Hirano, Nara, .. 3D Hydro  kinetic evolution ? not enough F ~ conserves Rout,Rlong & increases Rside at small pt (resonances ?)  Good prospect for 3D Hydro + hadron transport + ? initial F

  16. |-k(r)|2 Similar to Coulomb distortion of -decay Fermi’34: Final State Interaction Migdal, Watson, Sakharov, … Koonin, GKW, ... fcAc(G0+iF0) s-wave strong FSI FSI } nn e-ikr  -k(r)  [ e-ikr +f(k)eikr/r ] CF pp Coulomb |1+f/r|2 kr+kr F=1+ _______ + … eicAc ka } } Bohr radius Coulomb only Point-like Coulomb factor k=|q|/2  FSI is sensitive to source size r and scattering amplitude f It complicates CF analysis but makes possible  Femtoscopy with nonidentical particlesK,p, .. & Coalescence deuterons, .. Study “exotic” scattering,K, KK,, p,, .. Study relative space-time asymmetriesdelays, flow

  17. Long tails in RQMD: r* = 21 fm for r* < 50 fm NA49 central Pb+Pb 158 AGeV vs RQMD 29 fm for r* < 500 fm Fit CF=Norm[Purity RQMD(r* Scaler*)+1-Purity] RQMD overestimatesr* by 10-20% at SPS cf ~ OK at AGS worse at RHIC Scale=0.76 Scale=0.92 Scale=0.83 p

  18. Correlation study of particle interaction +&  & pscattering lengthsf0 from NA49 and STAR Fits using RL-Lyuboshitz’82 pp STAR CF(p) data point to Ref0(p) < Ref0(pp)  0 Imf0(p) ~ Imf0(pp) ~ 1 fm  NA49 CF(+) vs RQMD with SI scale:f0siscaf0 (=0.232fm) - sisca = 0.60.1 compare ~0.8 from SPT & BNL data E765 K  e NA49 CF() data prefer |f0()| f0(NN) ~ 20 fm

  19. Simplified idea of CF asymmetry(valid for Coulomb FSI) Assume emitted later than p or closer to the center  x v Longer tint Stronger CF v1  CF  k*x > 0 v > vp p p v2 k*/= v1-v2 x Shorter tint Weaker CF v CF  v1 k*x < 0 v < vp p  v2 p RL, Lyuboshitz, Erazmus, Nouais PLB 373 (1996) 30

  20. pion BW Retiere@LBL’05 Distribution of emission points at a given equal velocity: - Left, bx = 0.73c, by = 0 - Right, bx = 0.91c, by = 0 Dash lines: average emission Rx  Rx(p) < Rx(K) < Rx(p) px = 0.3 GeV/c px = 0.15 GeV/c Kaon px = 0.53 GeV/c px = 1.07 GeV/c For a Gaussian density profile with a radius RG and flow velocity profile F(r) = 0r/ RG RL’04, Akkelin-Sinyukov’96: x = RG bx0/[02+T/mt] Proton px = 1.01 GeV/c px = 2.02 GeV/c

  21. NA49 & STAR out-asymmetries Au+Au central sNN=130 GeV Pb+Pb central 158 AGeV not corrected for ~ 25% impurity corrected for impurity r* RQMD scaled by 0.8 p K p Mirror symmetry (~ same mechanism for  and  mesons)   RQMD, BW ~ OK  points to strong transverse flow (t yields ~ ¼ of CF asymmetry)

  22. Status • Evidence for a New State of Matter from jet quenching & elliptic flow in central HIC at RHIC • Evidencefor strong transverse flow in HIC at SPS & RHIC from spectra & femtoscopy • Femtoscopy puzzle: weak energy dependence contradicts to 2+1D hydro& transport calculations which strongly overestimate out&long radii at RHIC. However, a good perspective seems to be for 3D hydro?+Finitial& transport • Info on two-particle strong interaction:  &  & pscattering lengths from HIC at SPS and RHIC. Good perspective at RHIC and LHC • More results and perspectives here during our workshop ?

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