Operational Assets: Acquisition, Disposal and Exchange

1. Operational Assets: Acquisition, Disposal and Exchange

2. OPERATIONAL ASSETS • Basic characteristics • Actively used in primary operations • Expected to benefit future periods (long-term) • Generally not held for resale • Grouping of operational assets • Tangible = have physical substance • Intangible = value not tied to physical • substance

3. OPERATIONAL ASSETS • Classification • Property, plant, and equipment • Buildings • Machinery, furniture and fixtures • Land • Land improvements • Natural resources • Intangibles

4. ASSET ACQUISITION • With cash • On credit • In exchange for equity securities of the • acquiring company • Through donation from another entity • Through construction • In exchange for nonmonetary assets

5. ACQUISITION COST General Rule “The historical cost of acquiring an asset includes the costs necessarily incurred to bring it to the condition and location necessary for its intended use.” SFAS No. 34

6. ACQUISITION COSTBUILDINGS • Architectural fees • Cost of permits • Excavation costs • Construction costs • Purchase price

7. ACQUISITION COSTMACHINERY, FURNITURE & FIXTURES • Net purchase price • Transportation costs • Installation Costs • Modification to buildingnecessary to install equipment

8. ACQUISITION COST LAND • Purchase price • Real estate commissions • Title search • Title transfer fees • Title insurance premiums Land is not depreciable.

9. ACQUISITION COSTLAND IMPROVEMENTS • Driveways • Parking lots • Fencing • Landscaping

10. PURCHASE ON CREDIT The asset acquired is recorded at the Cash equivalent price (market value) or Present value of future cash payments using the prevailing market interest rate Whichever is more objective and reliable (APB Opinion No. 21)

11. Purchased With Equity Securities • Asset acquired is recorded at the fair market value of the asset or the fair market value of the securities, whichever is more objective and reliable. • If the securities are actively traded, fair market value can be determined. • If no objective and reliable value can be determined, board of directors assigns a “reasonable value.”

12. DONATED ASSETS • Municipalities may donate land and/or buildings to induce a company to locate in the area. • SFAS No. 116defines a contribution as “an unconditional transfer of cash or other assets to an entity or a settlement or cancellation of its liabilities in a voluntary nonreciprocal transfer. .”

13. LUMP-SUM PURCHASE • Several assets may be acquired for a single lump-sum price that may be lower than the sum of the individual asset prices. • Portions of the lump-sum directly attributable to particular assets are assigned to those assets. • The remainder is allocated on the basis of relative value of the assets.

14. SELF-CONSTRUCTED ASSETS • Capitalize all costs directly associated with the construction including materials, labor and overhead. • In certain cases a company can capitalize • General overhead • Interest expense

15. SELF-CONSTRUCTED ASSETS • The asset’s recorded cost must never exceedits fair market value. • If costs actually incurred exceed fair market value, a loss must be recognized.

16. INTEREST CAPITALIZATION • In some cases a company may capitalize “avoidable interest” incurred on “qualifying assets.” • Avoidable interest -- interest that could have been avoided if the asset were not self-constructed and the money used to retire debt. • Key questions to be answered • What are “qualifying assets?” • What is the capitalization period? • What amount should be capitalized?

17. INTEREST CAPITALIZATION • Qualifying assets • Self-constructed and required a period of time to “get them ready for use” • Capitalization period • Begins when all following conditions exist • Expenditures have been made • Asset is being prepared for use • Interest cost is being incurred • Ends when asset is ready for intended use • Amount capitalized • Lower of “actual interest incurred” or “avoidable interest”

18. AVOIDABLE INTEREST • Computation of amount • Interest rate x Weighted-average accumulated expenditures (WAAE) • Appropriate interest rates • For WAEE < or = to amount actually borrowed for construction --- Use actual rate on specific borrowings for construction • For portion of WAEE > than amount actually borrowed for construction --- use weighted average rate for all other outstanding debt during the capitalization period

19. DISPOSAL OF PLANT ASSETS • Update depreciation to date of disposal. • Original cost of asset and accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts. • The difference between book value of the asset and the amount received in the disposal process is recorded as a gain or loss.

20. NONMONETARY EXCHANGESGeneral Principle Accounting for the exchange of nonmonetary assets should be based on: • Market value of assets transferred or • Market value of assets acquired Whichever is more readily determinable

21. NONMONETARY EXCHANGES

22. NONMONETARY EXCHANGESCommercial Substance • Exchange has “commercial substance” if the entity’s future cash flows are expected to change significantly as a result of the transaction • Configuration of future cash flows changes • Value of assets received differs from value of assets transferred

23. POST-ACQUISITION EXPENDITURES • Maintenance and ordinary repairs. • Improvements (betterments), replacements, and extraordinary repairs. • Additions. • Rearrangements and other adjustments.

24. POST-ACQUISITION EXPENDITURES Normally we debit an expense account for amounts spent on: Maintenance and Ordinary Repairs Concept: keep assets in proper working order.

25. POST-ACQUISITION EXPENDITURES Normally we debit the asset account for amounts spent on: Improvements, Replacements, and Extraordinary Repairs Concept: increase useful life or productivity of the original asset.

26. POST-ACQUISITION EXPENDITURES Normally we debit the asset account for amounts spent on: Additions Concept: expansion of an existing asset.

27. POST-ACQUISITION EXPENDITURES Normally we debit an other asset account for amounts spent on: Rearrangements and Other Adjustments Concept: increase efficiency of operations.

28. INFORMATION GLUT!