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Agenda

Agenda. 3.18.10. Quiz…. T or F -- The Red Army won the Russian Civil War. Why did the US and the Allies support the White Army during the Russian Civil War? Led by V.I. Lenin, the _________ were the most radical of all the Soviets.

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda 3.18.10

  2. Quiz… • T or F -- The Red Army won the Russian Civil War. • Why did the US and the Allies support the White Army during the Russian Civil War? • Led by V.I. Lenin, the _________ were the most radical of all the Soviets. • What group of people started the March Revolution in Russia? • _______ led the provisional government in Russia. He supported _________ so the Russian people hated him. • What were Soviets? • By 1921, ___________ had total control over Russia. • Define total war. • Why did the US decide to finally enter the War?

  3. Test on Tuesday. Review tomorrow, game on Monday. • Homework – Read and outline 546 – 547 (The Legacies of War)

  4. A Flawed Peace The Treaty of Versailles 16.4

  5. The Allies Meet at Versailles • Paris Peace Conference • Delegates from 32 countries (NOT Germany OR Russia) • Important people: • Woodrow Wilson (US) • Georges Clemenceau (France) • David Lloyd George (Britain) • Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

  6. Lloyd George, Signor Orlando, M. Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson

  7. Wilson’s Plan for Peace • 14 Points – Woodrow Wilson • 1st – 5th: end to secret treaties, freedom of seas, free trade, reduced armies and navies, adjustment of colonial claims to help colonized people • 6th – 13th: redrawing borders and creating new nations • Self-determination: people decide what type of government they want • Suggests a “general association of nations” much like modern day United Nations (supposed to peacefully negotiate conflicts)

  8. Clemenceau of France • Wants Germany destroyed

  9. Woodrow Wilson wants peace, democracy and stability returned to Europe

  10. David Lloyd George of Britain wanted to please the British people. • "Hang the Kaiser" and "Make Germany Pay"

  11. The Allies Dictate a Harsh Peace • Britain and France wanted to punish Germany (why?) • Delegates also adopted Wilson’s 14th Point and wanted a League of Nations • 5 allied countries = permanent members in the Executive Council • Also reps from 32 allied nations and neutral nations = General Assembly • Germany and Russia excluded

  12. Additional Treaty Provisions • Punished Germany • Lost tons of land • Restrictions on military (Germany’s navy was reduced to 6 battleships with no submarines; no air force was allowed; Germany’s army had to be reduced to 100,000 men) • Forced Germany to sign “war guilt” clause (Article 231) • Germans had to pay reparations to allies ($33 billion!) • Germany’s colonies all administered by League of Nations as mandates until “ready” for independence

  13. Demonstration against the treaty in front of the Reichstag building in Germany

  14. Germany was given two choices:  • sign the Treaty or  • be invaded by the Allies. 

  15. New Nations Created • Austria-Hungary lost land: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia all became separate, independent nations • Ottoman Empire lost territory – only kept modern day Turkey. Rest of territories became mandates under Britain and France • Russia (an ally!) lost the most

  16. US rejected the treaty (because of the League of Nations… why?) • Germany bitter (why?) • African and Asian colonies wanted independence (isn’t being a “mandate” good enough?) • Even 2 allies, Japan and Italy, also bitter. Entered war to get more territory and were not satisfied.

  17. Britain :  750,000 soldiers killed; 1,500,000 woundedFrance : 1,400,000 soldiers killed; 2,500,000 woundedBelgium : 50,000 soldiers killedItaly : 600,000 soldiers killedRussia : 1,700,000 soldiers killedAmerica : 116,000 soldiers killed Germany : 2,000,000 soldiers killedAustria-Hungary : 1,200,000 soldiers killedTurkey : 325,000 soldiers killedBulgaria : 100,000 soldiers killed

  18. Legacy of War • 8.5 million dead and 21 million injured • Europeans lost almost an entire generation of people • Caused over $338 billion of damage

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