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Network Cabling

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Network Cabling

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    1. 1 Network Cabling Fiber-Optic Cable – “Fiber” Data are transmitted via pulsing light sent from a laser or light-emitting diode (LED) through the central fibers. Contains one or several glass fibers at its core

    2. 2 Network Cabling Fiber-Optic Cable Outside of the fibers are a layer of glass called cladding that acts as a mirror, reflecting light back to the core This allows the fiber to bend around corners well

    3. 3 Network Cabling Fiber-Optic Cable A layer of plastic and braiding protect the inner core and then a plastic jacket covers the braiding

    4. 4 Network Cabling Single-Mode Fiber Carries a single frequency of light to transmit data Data can be transmitted more rapidly and for longer distances Cost is more and not found as much within networks

    5. 5 Network Cabling Multimode Fiber Carries several frequencies of light over a single or multiple fibers More typically used in networks

    6. 6 Network Cabling Characteristics of fiber: Used more of a backbone medium May replace TP Nearly unlimited throughput Very high resistance to noise Excellent security No current to tap; bend radius light capture though Signal goes for long distances

    7. 7 Network Cabling Characteristics of fiber: (continued…) Big drawback is cost - $$$ Fiber can transmit data in only one direction at a time per fiber strand Two strands (RX and TX) Difficult to splice Difficult for connectors

    8. 8 Network Cabling Fiber-Optic Cable Throughput excellent Cost Most expensive Fiber NIC’s Connector SMA, ST, SC Noise immunity Excellent Reason for long distance capabilities w/o repeater Size and scalability Multimode – 2km Single – 3km

    9. Cable Design and Management Cable Plant Hardware comprising enterprise-wide cabling system Structured Cabling Method for uniform, enterprise-wide, multivendor cabling systems Specified by TIA/EIA 569 Commercial Building Wiring Standard

    10. Cable Design and Management Entrance facilities Backbone wiring Backbone is essentially a network of networks Risers provide vertical connections between floors

    11. Cable Design and Management Equipment room Telecommunications closet Punch-down block is a panel of data receptors Patch panel is a wall-mounted panel of data receptors

    12. Cable Design and Management Horizontal wiring

    13. Cable Design and Management Work area Patch cable is a relatively short section of twisted-pair cabling with connectors on both ends that connect network devices to data outlets

    14. Cable Design and Management

    15. Installing Cable

    16. Installing Cable

    17. Installing Cable

    18. Installing Cable Do not untwist twisted-pair cables more than one-half inch before inserting them Do not strip off more than 1 inch of insulation from copper wire in twisted-pair cables Watch bend radius limitations for cable being installed Bend radius is maximum arc into which a cable can be looped before its data transmission is impaired Test each segment of cabling with cable tester Use only cable ties to cinch groups of cable together

    19. Installing Cable Avoid laying cable across floor where it may sustain damage Install cable at least 3 feet away from fluorescent lights or other sources of EMI Always leave slack in cable runs If running cable in the plenum, the area above ceiling tile or below subflooring, make sure cable sheath is plenum-rated Pay attention to grounding requirements

    20. Atmospheric Transmission Media Infrared Transmission Infrared networks use infrared light signals to transmit data Direct infrared transmission depends on transmitter and receiver remaining within line of sight In indirect infrared transmission, signals can bounce off of walls, ceilings, and any other objects in their path Has been proven to function at 100 Mbps up to 1000m

    21. Atmospheric Transmission Media RF Transmission Radio frequency (RF) transmission relies on signals broadcast over specific frequencies Can penetrate walls (easy interception) Very susceptible to interference Narrowband concentrates significant RF energy at a single frequency Spread spectrum uses lower-level signals distributed over several frequencies simultaneously 10Mbps throughput

    22. Choosing the Right Transmission Media Areas of high EMI or RFI Corners and small spaces Distance Security Existing infrastructure Growth

    23. Chapter Summary Information can be transmitted via analog or digitally Both signals suffer attenuation Throughput is the amount of data a medium can transmit during a given period of time Costs depend on many factors Three specifications dictating networking media Length of a network segment is limited due to attenuation

    24. Chapter Summary Connectors connect wire to the network device Coaxial cable consists of central copper core surrounded by an insulator and a sheath In baseband transmission, digital signals are sent through direct current pulse applied to the wire Thicknet cabling is a rigid coaxial cable used for original Ethernet networks Thinnet was popular for Ethernet LANs in the 1980s Both Thicknet and Thinnet rely on bus topology and must be terminated at both ends

    25. Chapter Summary Twisted-pair cable consists of color-coded pairs of insulated copper wires, twisted around each other and encased in plastic coating The more twists per inch in a pair of wires, the more resistant to noise STP cable consists of twisted pair wires individually insulated and surrounded by a shielding UTP cabling consists of one or more insulated wire pairs encased in a plastic sheath UTP comes in a variety of specifications

    26. Chapter Summary Maximum segment length for both STP and UTP is 100m Fiber-optic cable contains one or several glass fibers in its core Fiber cable variations fall into two categories On today’s networks, fiber is used primarily as backbone cable In 1991, TIA/EIA released their joint 568 Commercial Building Wire Standard

    27. Chapter Summary Best practice for installing cable is to follow the TIA/EIA 568 specifications and manufacturer’s recommendations Wireless LANs can use radio frequency (RF) or infrared transmission Infrared transmission can be indirect or direct RF transmission can be narrowband or spread spectrum To make correct media transmission choices, consider, throughput, cabling, noise resistance, security/flexibility, and plans for growth

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