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Comp 110 Representation

Comp 110 Representation. Instructor: Jason Carter. More on Objects. Testing objects and writing stubs Calling getters/setters from programs Two-way dependencies Representations with errors Default values of variables Null value Class variables/methods Polymorphism vs. overloading

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Comp 110 Representation

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  1. Comp 110Representation Instructor: Jason Carter

  2. More on Objects • Testing objects and writing stubs • Calling getters/setters from programs • Two-way dependencies • Representations with errors • Default values of variables • Null value • Class variables/methods • Polymorphism vs. overloading • Structure vs. atomic types • Physical vs. logical structure • Graphics types • Top-down, bottom-up, middle-out programming

  3. Importance of Testing Experienced programmers make errors Important to test programs

  4. Testing BMI Spreadsheet

  5. Testing BMI Spreadsheet

  6. Testing BMI Spreadsheet

  7. Corvette vs. BMI Spreadsheet Usage • Test new Corvette for mileage • Get car from Corvette factory • Drive car • Compare actual and advertised mileage • Test BMISpreadsheet for correctness • Instantiate class ABMISpreadsheet • Give values to height and weight • Compare actual and computed BMI How to do this in a programmed method such as test ?

  8. Interactive vs. Programmed Setter bmiSpreadsheet.setHeight(1.77);

  9. Interactive vs. Programmed Getter doublecomputedBMI = bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI();

  10. BMI Tester publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { } }

  11. BMI Tester (Edit) publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { ABMISPreadsheetbmiS = new ABMISpreadsheet(theHeight,theWeight); double computedBMI = bmiS.betBMI(); … System.out.println(theCorrectBMI – computedBMI); } }

  12. BMI Tester (Edit) publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiS = new ABMISpreadsheet(); bmiS.setHeight(theHeight); bmiS.setWeight(theWieght); double computedBMI = bmiS.betBMI(); … System.out.println(theCorrectBMI – computedBMI); } }

  13. Testing Multiple Values

  14. Testing BMI Spreadsheet

  15. Testing BMI Spreadsheet Steps taken by ABMISpreadsheetTester?

  16. BMI Tester publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet = new ABMISpreadsheet(theHeight, theWeight); doublecomputedBMI = bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI(); System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println("Height:" + theHeight); System.out.println("Weight:" + theWeight); System.out.println("Expected BMI:" + theCorrectBMI); System.out.println("Computed BMI:" + computedBMI); System.out.println( "Error:" + (theCorrectBMI - computedBMI)); System.out.println("------------"); } publicvoid test () { test(1.65, 60, 20); test(1.55, 60, 25); test(1.8, 65, 20); } }

  17. BMI Tester (Edit) publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet = new ABMISpreadsheet(theHeight, theWeight); doublecomputedBMI = bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI(); System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println("Height:" + theHeight); System.out.println("Weight:" + theWeight); System.out.println("Expected BMI:" + theCorrectBMI); System.out.println("Computed BMI:" + computedBMI); System.out.println( "Error:" + (theCorrectBMI - computedBMI)); System.out.println("------------"); } publicvoid test () { } }

  18. BMI Tester publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet = new ABMISpreadsheet(theHeight, theWeight); doublecomputedBMI = bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI(); System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println("Height:" + theHeight); System.out.println("Weight:" + theWeight); System.out.println("Expected BMI:" + theCorrectBMI); System.out.println("Computed BMI:" + computedBMI); System.out.println( "Error:" + (theCorrectBMI - computedBMI)); System.out.println("------------"); } publicvoid test () { test(1.65, 55, 2.0); test(1.55, 60, 25); test(1.80, 65, 20); } } Actual Parameters Formal Parameters

  19. Traditional Approach • Code the complete object to be tested • Write and use test object • Recode and retest if necessary • Testing is an afterthought • All methods tested together – hard to pinpoint bugs ABMISpreadsheet Tested Code ABMISpreadsheetTester Tester

  20. Incremental Testing • Tested code and tester could evolve concurrently • getBMI() cannot be tested until it has been written ABMISpreadsheet Tested Code ABMISpreadsheetTester Tester

  21. Test-First • Write the complete tester, defining the expected behavior of the tested object • Code the object with only stubs • Test, implement a stub and retest Stubs for Tested Code ABMISpreadsheet with Stubs Tester ABMISpreadsheetTester Implement or change the stub ABMISpreadsheet with a stub (re) implemented

  22. Steps in Creating and Testing a New Class • Write the interface • Create a class with stubs for each interface method and constructor • If method is procedure method does nothing • If method is function, it returns 0 or null value • No variables need be declared as this point! • Write a tester for it • Write/rewrite in one or more stub methods • Use tester and ObjectEditor • If tester results and ObjectEditor results not correct, go back to 4 Steps may be combined for simple classes!

  23. Writing the Interface publicinterface BMISpreadhsheet { publicdoublegetHeight() ; publicvoidsetHeight (doublenewHeight) ; publicdoublegetWeight() ; publicvoidsetWeight(doublenewWeight) ; publicdoublegetBMI() ; }

  24. Stubs publicclassABMISpreadsheetimplements BMISpreadhsheet { publicABMISpreadsheet( doubletheInitialHeight, doubletheInitialWeight) {} publicABMISpreadsheet() {} publicdoublegetHeight() {} publicvoidsetHeight (doublenewHeight) {} publicdoublegetWeight() {} publicvoidsetWeight(doublenewWeight) {} publicdoublegetBMI() {} } No variables!

  25. Stubs (Edit) publicclassABMISpreadsheetimplements BMISpreadhsheet { publicABMISpreadsheet( doubletheInitialHeight, doubletheInitialWeight) {} publicABMISpreadsheet() {} publicdoublegetHeight() {return 0;} publicvoidsetHeight (doublenewHeight) {} publicdoublegetWeight() {return 0;} publicvoidsetWeight(doublenewWeight) {} publicdoublegetBMI() {return 0;} } No variables!

  26. Stubs publicclassABMISpreadsheetimplements BMISpreadhsheet { publicABMISpreadsheet( doubletheInitialHeight, doubletheInitialWeight) {} publicABMISpreadsheet() {} publicdoublegetHeight() { return 0; } publicvoidsetHeight (doublenewHeight) {} publicdoublegetWeight() { return 0; } publicvoidsetWeight(doublenewWeight) {} publicdoublegetBMI() { return 0; } } No variables!

  27. Using ObjectEditor

  28. Using Tester

  29. Using Tester We know what the correctness criteria are!

  30. After All Stubs are Filled

  31. BMI Tester publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet = new ABMISpreadsheet(theHeight, theWeight); doublecomputedBMI = bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI(); System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println("Height:" + theHeight); System.out.println("Weight:" + theWeight); System.out.println("Expected BMI:" + theCorrectBMI); System.out.println("Computed BMI:" + computedBMI); System.out.println( "Error:" + (theCorrectBMI - computedBMI)); System.out.println("------------"); } publicvoid test () { } } Interface as type Calling constructor Calling getter

  32. Calling Parameterless Constructor and Setters publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet = newABMISpreadsheet(); bmiSpreadsheet.setHeight(theHeight); bmiSpreadsheet.setWeight(theWeight); doublecomputedBMI = bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI(); System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println("Height:" + theHeight); System.out.println("Weight:" + theWeight); System.out.println("Expected BMI:" + theCorrectBMI); System.out.println("Computed BMI:" + computedBMI); System.out.println( "Error:" + (theCorrectBMI - computedBMI)); System.out.println("------------"); } } Parameterless constructor Calling setter Constructors with parameters make code more compact

  33. Object vs. Primitive Variable publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet = newABMISpreadsheet(theHeight, theWeight); doublecomputedBMI = bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI(); System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println("Height:" + theHeight); System.out.println("Weight:" + theWeight); System.out.println("Expected BMI:" + theCorrectBMI); System.out.println("Computed BMI:" + computedBMI); System.out.println( "Error:" + (theCorrectBMI - computedBMI)); System.out.println("------------"); } } Primitive Variable Primitive Variable Object Variable Object Variable

  34. Uninitialized Variables publicclassABMISpreadsheetTester { publicvoidtest ( doubletheHeight, doubletheWeight, doubletheCorrectBMI) { BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet; doublecomputedBMI ; System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println("Height:" + theHeight); System.out.println("Weight:" + theWeight); System.out.println("Expected BMI:" + theCorrectBMI); System.out.println("Computed BMI:" + computedBMI); System.out.println( "Error:" + (theCorrectBMI - computedBMI)); System.out.println("------------"); } } Uninitialized Primitive Variable Uninitialized Object Variable

  35. Default Values for Variables Primitive Variables variables memory Legal double values doublecomputedBMI; computedBMI; 0.0 double weight; weight; 0.0 Object Variables BMISpreadsheetbmiSpreadsheet; bmiSpreadsheet; null Illegal BMISpreadsheet value

  36. Invoking Methods on null • bmiSpreadsheet.getBMI() • null pointer exception • Exception is an unexpected event (error) • Guilty method will be terminated and exception reported • Will see other exceptions later

  37. Mathematical Point X . R Y q .

  38. (3,2) pixels Java Coordinate System (0,0) X X and Y coordinates must be int values Radius and Angle can be double Y Angle is a decimal value between 0 and 2

  39. Point Interface publicinterface Point { publicintgetX(); publicintgetY(); publicdoublegetAngle(); publicdoublegetRadius(); } Read-only properties defining immutable object!

  40. Point Representations • X, Y (Cartesian Representation) • Radius, Angle (Polar Representation) • X, Radius • X, Y, Radius, Angle • …

  41. Stubs for ACartesianPoint publicclassACartesianPointimplements Point { publicACartesianPoint(inttheX, inttheY) { } publicintgetX() { return 0; } publicintgetY() { return 0; } publicdoublegetAngle() { return 0; } publicdoublegetRadius() { return 0; } }

  42. ACartesianPoint Tester publicclassACartesianPointTester { publicvoidtest (inttheX, inttheY, doubletheCorrectRadius, doubletheCorrectAngle) { Point point= newACartesianPoint (theX, theY); doublecomputedRadius = point.getRadius(); doublecomputedAngle = point.getAngle(); System.out.println("------------"); System.out.println(“X:" + theX); System.out.println(“Y:" + theY); System.out.println("Expected Radius:" + theCorrectRadius); System.out.println("Computed Radius:" + computedRadius); System.out.println(“Radius Error:" + (theCorrectRadius - computedRadius)); System.out.println("Expected Angle:" + theCorrectAngle); System.out.println("Computed Angle:" + computedAngle); System.out.println(“Angle Error:" + (theCorrectAngle - computedAngle)); System.out.println("------------"); } publicvoid test () { test (10, 0, 10.0, 0); // 0 degree angle test (0, 10, 10.0, Math.PI / 2); // 90 degree angle } }

  43. Algorithms Cartesian Representation R = sqrt (X2 * Y2) X  = arctan (Y/X) . R Y Polar Representation q X = R*cos() . Y = R*sin()

  44. Class: ACartesianPoint publicclassACartesianPointimplements Point { int x, y; publicACartesianPoint(inttheX, inttheY) { x = theX; y = theY; } publicintgetX() { return x; } publicintgetY() { return y; } publicdoublegetAngle() { returnMath.atan((double) y/x); } publicdoublegetRadius() { returnMath.sqrt(x*x + y*y); } }

  45. Class: APolarPoint publicclassAPolarPointimplements Point { double radius, angle; publicAPolarPoint(double theRadius, doubletheAngle) { radius = theRadius ; angle = theAngle; } publicintgetX() { return (int) (radius*Math.cos(angle)); } publicintgetY() { return (int) (radius*Math.sin(angle)); } publicdoublegetAngle() { return angle; } publicdoublegetRadius() { return radius; } }

  46. Using the Interface and Its Implementations Point point1 = newACartesianPoint (50, 50); Point point2 = newAPolarPoint (70.5, Math.pi()/4); point1 = point2; Constructor chooses implementation Constructor cannot be in interface

  47. Representing Geometric Objects • Geometric example to show multiple useful implementations of an interface • Most geometric objects have multiple representations

  48. Using ObjectEditor

  49. Using ObjectEditor

  50. Java Graphics Y X

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