A True American Tragedy “ The Indian Extermination”

1. A True American Tragedy“The Indian Extermination” 1860 – 1890 Civil War and Post Civil War

2. Growth of America

3. “The Great American Desert” AKA: The Great Plains Oklahoma Wyoming Minnesota Iowa Washington Oregon Colorado North Dakota South Dakota Montana Nebraska Kansas

4. The Western Regions

5. Western Migration Reasons: 1. Mining (Gold & Silver) 2. Farming 3. New Life (Foreigners & Domestic) 4. Railroad Construction 5. Military Outposts 6. Absence of Law (Outlaws) 7. Entrepreneurs / Businessmen 8. FREE LAND! Migration Trails:Oregon (West), Bozeman (North West), and Santa Fe Trails (South West)

7. The Donner Party

8. The Donner Party

9. What eventually made traveling and migrating west easier?

10. The "Good Guys" Lawmen

11. Wyatt Earp Tombstone, Arizona

12. Dr. John Henry Holiday “Doc” Holiday Tombstone, Arizona

13. Bill Hickok Deadwood, South Dakota “Wild” Bill Dead Man's Hand Aces & Eights

14. Mary Jane Cannary Calamity Jane Deadwood, South Dakota

15. Nat Love Deadwood Dick Deadwood, South Dakota

16. The "Bad Guys" Outlaws Western Situation = “Lawlessness”

17. Jesse James

18. William Bonney Billy “The Kid” Only known photo of him. Close-up photo

19. George Leroy Parker Butch Cassidy Parker took the name Cassidy from the leader of the first gang he was part of when the gang leader Mike Cassidy died. He then took the name Butch after he attempted to go straight with the law when he became a butcher in Wyoming.

20. Harry Longabaugh The Sundance Kid When jailed as a teen in Crook County, Wyoming, he liked the name of a member in the local government named Sundance. He quickly adopted the name as his own.

21. The Clantons & McLaurys The Cowboys Leader: Ike Clanton

22. The McCandles

23. The Daltons Photo of the dead Dalton gang after a failed attempt to rob two banks in their home town.

24. Hmmmm…… Why were so many outlaws attracted to the western part of the U.S.?

25. Mexican-American War (1846 – 1848) Winner?

26. The U.S. Civil War(1861 – 1865)North v. South V. The “Union” (North) The Confederacy (South) Where was this war fought? Winner? How did this war divide the U.S. Army? End Date – April 9th, 1865

27. With malice toward none, with charity for all, ...let us strive on to finish the work we are in, ...to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. - Abraham Lincoln, March 4, 1865 (2nd Presidential Inaugural Address)

28. Abe Lincoln AssassinationApril 14th, 1865

29. Lincoln Assassination Missed Targets Andrew Johnson Vice President William Seward Secretary of State

30. The Other Assassins Lewis Powell George Atzerodt David Herold

31. The Other AssassinsMary Surratt

32. Assassin’s Execution July 7, 1865

33. The Other AssassinsJohn Surratt

34. The United States of AmericaPost Civil War “A country in crisis” Five American Questions: Q: How do we re-build our country? A: Reconstruction and the civilization of the American West. Q: What is the direction or focus of our country? A: Wealth and prosperity for all. Q: What does our country rally behind? A: Be the #1 world industrial power. Q: Who is the new enemy? A: Native Americans Q: Why this new enemy? A: The are sitting on a pile of wealth and don’t even know it.

35. U.S. soldiers return to the west (1865) From where?

36. Western U.S. Soldier’s Duties • build forts • drive settlers from Indian reservations • escort mail • prevent smuggling • protect miners, railroad crews, and politicians • fight Indians Pay: $13 a month Why did U.S. soldiers not want to be stationed in the west? Hard and dangerous work for low pay. Up to 1/3 third of western U.S. soldiers deserted.

37. Buffalo Soldiers

38. The Obstacle“The Red Savage” Western Indian Population = 225,000 What was the impact of horses on Native American cultures?

39. Famous Indian Killers / Haters Andrew Jackson Florida Indian Slaughter “Mad” Anthony Wayne Battle of Fallen Timbers Treaty of Greenville

40. Teddy Roosevelt U.S. President 1901 – 1909

41. Indian Removal Act (1830)

42. Indian Removal Act (1830) What: The forcible removal of 100,000 members from five different tribes in the southern part of the U.S. When: 1832 – 1838 For their 100,000,000 acres of rich farm land, these Native Americans received 32,000,000 acres of dry prairie land in what is now present day Oklahoma. Worchester v. Georgia (1832) U.S Supreme Court Ruling: Georgia has no night to remove the Cherokee Indians. President Jackson’s Response: Dared the U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall to enforce his ruling. Trail of Tears (1838) Why did the U.S. government want this land so bad?

43. Bad Treaties Settlers and soldiers would trick Indians into signing treaties. Most times the treaty was never signed by the chief. Negotiators would bother the Indians until someone signed. Most Indians did not know what they were signing. Indians would unknowingly break the treaty. Broken treaties must be enforced by the U.S. Army = Indian Wars

44. Treaty of Ft. Laramie – 1851 • Groups involved in this Treaty: • U.S. Government • 9 Native American Tribes in the Wyoming Territory – Sioux, Cheyenne, • Arapaho, Crow, Shoshone, Assiniboine, Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Terms: 1. These tribes will not attack settlers moving west on the Oregon Trail. 2. Railroads and roads may be built in and through these tribe’s land. 3. Military forts may be built in these tribe’s land. 4. In exchange for these privileges, each tribe will be paid $50,000 a year for the next 50 years. Congress later cut the amount of yearly payments from 50 years to 10 years, and none of the tribes received their payments on a consistent regular basis.

45. The Indian Wars / Plains Wars “The 2nd Civil War”(1862 - 1890) Sioux War (1862) Chivington Massacre (1864) Fetterman Massacre (1866) Little Big Horn (1876) Apache Wars (1861 – 1886) Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)

46. Resistant Tribes Sioux Apache Cheyenne • Why did they resist?–This was an assault on the entire Native American way of life. • They were defending their sacred homelands. • They were defending their food source. • They have always been a “hunter-gatherer” culture, now they are being told • to be “agrarian”. • They have always been a “nomadic” culture, now they are being told to be • a “stationary” culture. • Tribal clashes on the reservations between different tribes being forced to • live on the reservation together as they never had before.

47. Sioux War Date: 1862 – 1864 Where: Minnesota Little Crow Sioux Chief Henry H. Sibley 1st Governor of Minnesota V. (Winner) December 26, 1862 = Largest mass execution in U.S. History (38) War continued until 1864 and ended in North Dakota

48. Sand Creek Massacre Date: Nov. 29, 1864 Where: Colorado Black Kettle Cheyenne Chief John Chivington U.S. Colonel V.

49. Sand Creek Massacre“Chivington Massacre” • Indian’s Position: • Tension between white settlers and Native Americans was high in the • Wyoming Territory. • Native Americans would be protected from attack by the U.S. Army if they • reported to the closest U.S. fort as “non-hostiles”. • The Cheyenne were on their way to Ft. Lyon (Colorado) and set up camp • camp 40 miles away from Ft. Lyon. • They flew an American flag and a white flag of peace over their camp in • an effort to show that they were coming in peace. U.S. Army’s Position: The 3rd ColoradoInfantry Commander: Colonel John Chivington U.S. Soldiers: 700

50. Sand Creek Massacre“Chivington Massacre” • Result: • 450 Cheyenne were mutilated and killed. • 2/3 of Native Americans were women, children, and elderly. • The men (Braves) were away hunting.