Judicial Branch Article 3 of the Constitution

1. Judicial Branch Article 3 of the Constitution Unit 5 Vocabulary

2. The United States court system based on Federalism. The two court systems are: Federal State Dual Court System

3. The 4 levels of the VA state court system SACD

4. SAD • The organization of the federal courts • Supreme Court • Appeals Court • District Court

5. Judicial review The power of the Supreme Court to strike down a law as unconstitutional. Established in the case of Marbury v. Madison

6. The authority of a court to hear a particular type of case The geographic area in which a court has authority to hear cases. Jurisdiction

7. Original jurisdiction A court’s authority to be the “first point of entry” into the court system for a particular kind of legal case.

8. Appellate jurisdiction The authority of a court to hear an appeal of a case from a lower court.

9. appeal To ask a higher court to review a case already heard in a lower court.

10. Marbury v Madison Established the principal of judicial review

11. Supreme Court Hears appeals from state courts and lower federal courts

12. Court of Appeals Hears appeals and reviews Decisions made in the U.S. District Court

13. District Courts • Hears cases involving: • People from different states • Disputes between states themselves • The Constitution and Constitutional rights • Violations of federal laws

14. Justices Judges that serve at the U.S. Supreme Court or the Virginia Supreme Court.

15. Due Process • The constitutional requirement that the government must follow fair rules in a fair manner • Due process is guaranteed by the 5th and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

16. This amendment to the U.S. Constitution says the national government cannot deny any citizen due process of law. Fifth Amendment

17. justice • Fairness or proper treatment under the law

18. Week 2Vocabulary Criminal and Civil Cases

19. A serious crime such as murder, kidnapping or armed robbery Felony

20. misdemeanor A less serious crime or violation of law that carries a maximum sentence of no more than one year in jail

21. Civil Law A legal case in which one party (person) sues another party in a disagreement, and asks the court to settle the disagreement

22. Criminal Law A case in which the government accuses an individual of breaking the law

23. compensation Something-often money- given someone or some group to make up for a harm that was done to them, in order to “set things right”

24. In a civil case, money being sought by a person or group to compensate them for a wrong or injury done to them by another person or group. Damages

25. prosecution

26. defendant In a trial, the person accused of a crime or the person being sued

27. plaintiff In a civil case: the person or group bringing the case to court In a criminal case: the plaintiff is the government bringing charges against the accused criminal

28. accused A person that is being charged with a crime or wrongdoing

29. 14th amendment Protects and extends citizens’ rights by requiring state governments to follow the principle of due process of law.

30. arraignment Calling into question or finding fault In a criminal case the accused person goes to court to hear what the charges are against them and they plead either innocent or guilty

31. plea In a criminal case, the person accused is asked to enter a plea (declare) if they are guilty or not guilty

32. verdict The finding or answer of a jury given to the court concerning a matter left to their judgment

33. The level of evidence needed to make an arrest or get a search warrant. The evidence must be more than just suspicion, but does not have to be absolute proof that the person committed the crime. Probable Cause

34. Magistrate May issue warrants, subpoenas, arrest warrants and summons and set bail