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Build a bug activity

Build a bug activity. Introduction to Salmonella. What is a pathogen?. A pathogen is a disease causing agent. Fungus. Bacteria. Protozoa. Virus. Images: Janice Carr; CDC/Dr. Godon Roberstad; Wellcome Images; Anna Tanczos, Wellcome Images. Question.

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Build a bug activity

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  1. Build a bug activity Introduction to Salmonella

  2. What is a pathogen? • A pathogen is a disease causing agent Fungus Bacteria Protozoa Virus Images: Janice Carr; CDC/Dr. Godon Roberstad; Wellcome Images; Anna Tanczos, Wellcome Images

  3. Question Can you name a disease caused by bacteria?

  4. Bacteria features Image: Genome Research Limited

  5. Salmonella • Salmonella infections can be transmitted between humans and animals. Infection via food is also possible. • This activity focuses on two types of Salmonella that cause two distinctive diseases: • gastroenteritis Salmonella • typhoid Salmonella. Image: David Goulding, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

  6. The genus: Salmonella Defined by biochemistry Defined by disease syndrome Affects Humans, cows & lizards Affects Humans only

  7. What’s the difference? SalmonellaTyphimurium SalmonellaTyphi Human specific Typhoid fever (systemic) 1 – 3 week incubation Symptoms Slow progressive fever (up to 40oC), sweating , abdominal pain. If left untreated can lead to intestinal haemorrhage or perforation. 601 unique genes • Generalist • Food poisoning / gastroenteritis (localised) • 6 – 24 hour incubation • Symptoms • Diarrhoea, vomiting and abdominal cramps • Zoonosis • 479 unique genes Image: David Goulding, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute

  8. Antibiotic resistance Around the world, more drug resistance isolates of Salmonella Typhi are being found. Images: Genome Research Limited

  9. How does resistance occur? • Use of antibiotics creates a selective pressure. • Only bacteria with genes that confer resistance can survive a treatment of antibiotics. • Eventually they can make up the whole population. Population after antibiotics Before antibiotics Add antibiotics

  10. Horizontal transfer • New antibiotic genes can be acquired via horizontal transfer or conjugation. Images: Genome Research Limited

  11. New multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhimurium • A new multi drug resistant strain of Salmonella Typhimurium is emerging in Sub Saharan Africa. • Sequencing the genome of the bacteria revealed important information about the biology of the organism. Image: David Goulding, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute Hear from the leading scientist on the research programme

  12. The Activity • Research and assemble a Salmonella bacterial genome. • Use the information resources to research key genetic components which determine the bacteria’s disease causing ability. • Use modelling clay to create your bacterial genome.

  13. Information cards

  14. Your Genome Scholar Plasmid

  15. Complete worksheet

  16. Assemble a genome • Using modelling clay or the paper genome provided assemble three key genetic components on a chromosome backbone for either: • Salmonella Typhi or • Salmonella Typhimurium.

  17. Feed back your results • Add your results to the class spreadsheet or results table.

  18. Answer summary

  19. Answer Summary

  20. What’s the impact?

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