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Reeves Petroff Pesticide Education Specialist Montana Cooperative Extension Service

Reeves Petroff Pesticide Education Specialist Montana Cooperative Extension Service. http://mtpesticides.org. Pesticide Safety. Toxicity Routes of exposure PPE 1 st Aid. What are pesticides?. -cides. Pesticides. Herbicides. Rodenticides. Insecticides. Toxicity of Pesticides.

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Reeves Petroff Pesticide Education Specialist Montana Cooperative Extension Service

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  1. Reeves Petroff Pesticide Education Specialist Montana Cooperative Extension Service http://mtpesticides.org

  2. Pesticide Safety • Toxicity • Routes of exposure • PPE • 1st Aid

  3. What are pesticides? • -cides Pesticides Herbicides Rodenticides Insecticides

  4. Toxicity of Pesticides Toxicity – capability of a substance to cause injury or death. How poisonous it is!

  5. Risk? Hazard = Toxicity x Exposure

  6. Pesticide Injuries

  7. Injuries – Mixing and Loading • 60% of injuries • Application - 38% • 57% of all injuries are systemic. • About 25% are eye injuries • 37% of all - law violations – drift, no PPE

  8. Herbicides – developed to kill plants. - Skin, eye damage - sensitization, allergic Insecticides – true poisons

  9. Page 13 Modern Insecticides • Organochlorines – DDT, Enderin, Dieldrin, Endosulfan • Disrupts sodium channels • Organophosphates – Parathion, Malathion, Di-syston, Cygon, Diazinon, Dursban, Lorsban, Reldan, Guthion - Cholinesterase inhibitor - irreversible • Carbamates – Lannate, Furadan, Sevin - Cholinesterase inhibitor - reversible

  10. Cholinesterase Inhibition Acetylcholine Cholin-esterase Axon Axon Synapse

  11. Cholinesterase Inhibition Cholin-esterase Cholinesterase inhibitor Neuron Neuron

  12. Antidotes for OP Poisoning • OP – Atropine – stops nerve response - 2 PAM chloride – restores function • Carbamates - Reversible Atropine only

  13. Page 39 TOXICITY Pesticide’s power to kill or cause serious damage to the body. Acute toxicity - after a single exposure or dose. Symptoms occur within minutes of the exposure or from 12 to 24 hours after the exposure has occurred. Acute toxic effects are nearly always the result of an accident or careless handling. Usually occurs with more toxic pesticides

  14. Measuring Toxicity – LD50

  15. Some Common Oral LD50 Values • Aldicarb (Temik) (I) – ----------------------0.9 • Ethyl parathion (I) - -------------------------3 • Carbofuran (Furadan)(I) -------------------8 • Methyl parathion (I) – ----------------------9 • Caffeine-----------------------------------------200 • 2,4-D (H)----------------------------------------375 • Table Salt---------------------------------------3750 • Permethrin (Ambush) (I) ------------------4000 • Imathamethabenz-methyl (Assert) (H)-->5000 • Glyphosate (Roundup)(H)-------------------5600 • Picloram (Tordon)(H)------------------------8200 • Captan (F)--------------------------------------9000 Alcohol! Dose makes the Poison!

  16. Toxicity Testing • Lab Test Conducted • Dermal – skin • Oral • Inhalation • Eyes Testing determines “signal words”

  17. Signal Words • Danger-Poison 0-50 oral LD50 • Danger Corrosive(0-200 dermal LD50 • Warning 50-500 LD50 • Caution>500 LD50

  18. …..Signal Words…...Indicate the relative acute toxicity of a pesticide Few drops to 1 Teaspoon to kill Highly toxic or highly corrosive

  19. Least Toxic - 1 Tablespoon to a pint or more. Moderately toxic - 1 Teaspoon To 1 Tablespoon to kill

  20. CHRONIC TOXICITY • The delayed effects of regular repeated exposures over a long period of time. • Long term health effects • Potential tumors • Birth defects • Reproductive effects • Systemic effects • Allergic effects Occurs often with least toxic pesticides – people become careless due to low toxicity rating

  21. What part of a pesticide operation is usually the most hazardous? Why? What toxic effect is usually the result of an accident? True or FalseA high LD50 means that something is very poisonous. A compound with an oral LD50 of 0-20 would probably get which signal word? True or False. LD50 is a good measure of chronic toxicity.

  22. SYSTEMIC EFFECTS Usually a result of long-term chronic exposure Pesticide-caused Anemia, no clotting Usually affects: Circulatory System Nervous System Skin Lungs Liver and Kidneys Trembles, neuropathy Rashes, sores that won’t heal Emphysema, asthma Jaundice, kidney failure

  23. ALLERGIC EFFECTS Photosensitivity Influenced by genetics Become Sensitized Pesticide-triggered Allergic reaction - Asthma or even shock, ---Skin irritation, rashes, blisters, or open sores. Eye, nose and throat irritation, such as itchy, watery eyes; sneezing and tightness in the throat,

  24. Pesticides and the Body Routes of Exposure Where most pesticide exposures occur! Vapors, mists Usually accidental --Mixing --when pouring Improper storage EC = + absorption --Mixing-- when pouring Cuts, scrapes, hot ‘n sweaty Accidents Induce vomiting? RemoveWashChangeDoctor if feeling ill

  25. Pesticide PoisoningSymptoms Can be confused with: • Flu • Heat injuries • Food poisoning • Asthma Symptoms may be delayed 12 – 24 hours after exposure

  26. Sweating Headache Fatigue Dry Membranes Dry Mouth No tears or spit Fast pulse Dilated pupils Confusion Loss of coordination Sweating Headache Fatigue Moist Membranes Salivation, spit, tears Slow pulse Pinpoint Pupils Confusion Loss of coordination Heat Injuries Look Like Pesticide Injuries Heat Injuries Pesticide Injuries

  27. Basic First Aid • Clear the Airway • Maintain Breathing • Maintain Circulation – stop bleeding, treat for shock • Prevent the Disability – stop contamination

  28. Prevention is best 1st aid. • Is there anything you need to know ahead of time? Is special PPE required? Take the label to the hospital! Do not induce vomiting unless the label directs it!

  29. Only atropine is used to counteract the effects of what type of insecticide. The onset of _______ symptoms within 12-24 hours of pesticide spraying may indicate pesticide poisoning What Signal word best indicates the corrosive effects of a pesticide? Most pesticide exposures are to what part of the body?

  30. Protecting your Bod! • Skin • Eyes • Ingestion • Inhalation

  31. Rates of Absorption

  32. Gloves • Unlined gloves (BLM) • Do Not Wear Leather Gloves! • Do Not Wear exam gloves! • Check for holes often! • Want at least 14 mils

  33. Gloves

  34. Glove Material Classification A-- Dry or water based pesticide formulation. B---Pesticide with acetate as the carrier solvent. C---Pesticide with alcohol as the carrier solvent. D---Pesticide with halogenated hydrocarbons as the carrier. E---Pesticide with ketones (acetone) as the carrier solvent. Poast Plus®, Weedone 638®, 2,4-D LV 6 Ester® F---Pesticide with ketone and aromatic petroleum distillate mixtures as the carrier solvent. Example - Di-syston 8® G---Pesticide with aliphatic petroleum distillates ( such as kerosene, petroleum oil or mineral oil as the carrier solvent. Example - Guthion 2L® H---Pesticide carrier = aromatic petroleum distillates ( xylene)

  35. Glove Material • Nitrile – Good overall protection, $2.39/pr • Neoprene – Softer, better dexterity - $5.16 • Natural Rubber – Use only on dry or water based formulations - $11-18.00/pr • Butyl – For High Toxicity Pesticides - $18.45 • PVC – Anyhydrous ammonia - $4.00/pr • Viton – Superior Protection but $174.50/pr

  36. - Coveralls – BLM Standards- Handling & Application(H-9011-1 Chemical Pest Control)

  37. Coveralls • For Toxicity Class III or IV – Cotton (tight weave), Kleenguard® coveralls • For Toxicity Class (II) – Possibly cotton, Tyvek. • For Toxicty Class I – PVC, Nitrile, Tychem®, sealed or serged seams.

  38. Woven Materials Laminated vs. Woven

  39. PVC Polyethylene coated Tyvek

  40. Protecting Your Head BLM H-9011-1pg. II-6 Ball Cap? No..No Straw Hat? No. Yes!

  41. Eye Protection Required for pouring or mixing • Goggles • Face Shields • Safety Glasses • But never wear contacts when spraying pesticides!!!

  42. Respirators What does a respirator do? A respirator filters out substances or blocks gases or vapors that can cause harm to the lungs (route of exposure)

  43. Types of respirators? DUST/MIST TC-21C

  44. Types of Respirators Cartridge • Gases & Vapors • Color-coded • Black – organic vapors • Green – Anhydrous Ammonia • Purple - HEPA • Prefilters • N, P, or R • 95 or 100 % efficiency

  45. Washing Pesticide Contaminated Clothing INCLUDES PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Any clothing or equipment used to apply pesticides should be considered to be contaminated and should be cleaned. AND UNDERCLOTHING:

  46. DO YOU HAVE THE LABEL ON HAND? DANGER WHAT IS THE RELATIVE TOXICITY OF THE PESTICIDE? WARNING SIGNAL WORDS DANGER-POISON Wear Gloves when handling contaminated clothing CAUTION ANY SPECIAL LAUNDERING INSTRUCTIONS ON THE LABEL?

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