History Essay Formatting Guide: Proper Structure and Footnotes

1. Bear Creek S.S. – Canadian & World Studies Dept. The History Essay THIS IS WHAT YOU MUST DO! I WILL BE VERY PICKY ABOUT PROPER STRUCTURE AND FORMATTING. A How to Guide for History Assignments

2. Essay Format • Title page with the following information: • Title of Assignment and Topic Number • Your name • Course Code / Course Name • Teacher’s Name • Date submitted • 12 font, Times Roman or Arial • Include at least three quotations (mixture of block and direct) • Double spaced unless stated otherwise • Proper Footnotes / Bibliography Make sure that you adhere to this format. See next slide.

3. Sample Title Page Assignment Title Famous Canadians (1) Student’s Name Course Code Course Code Course Name John Smith CHC 2D1 Ms. TiemersmaBear Creek S Feb. 2, 2013 Due Date Teacher’s Name

4. PLAGIARISM – What is THAT? • Plagiarism is using someone else’s work (ideas or words) as your own. • You must document (in the form of a footnote) where you got your information - even if you put it into your own words. • You will receive a zero if there is plagiarism in your essay. • Here is a link to Dalhousie University’s Policy of Academic Integrity: http://academicintegrity.dal.ca/Student%20Resources/Plagiarism_defined.php

5. Footnotes • Footnotes are used to reference relevant information that you have used in your assignment. • Footnotes tell the reader where you obtained your information. • You need to document where you got your information, even when you put it into your own words. • There are 3 manners in which you can incorporate quotations into your work. • Block quotations • Direct quotations • Indirect (paraphrased) quotations

6. The Block Quotation • This information is taken directly from a source (copied word for word) and is more than three lines. • Example: Militarism was another cause of World War One. Germany became a prime rival of Great Britain: By this time Britain was becoming anxious about the growing of a much closer rival. Germany had the most modern and powerful army in Europe. Britain depended on the supremacy of its navy to keep its island and overseas colonies safe from invasion.1 Introduce your quotation: Single Space indent indent 1Colin M. Bain et al., Making History: The Story of Canada in the Twentieth Century. (Toronto : Oxford University Press, 2000) 47.

7. The Block Quotation Sample … in terms of recommendations or justice. For example, point three states that: Clergymen charged and accused of anything, when they have been summoned by a justice of the king shall come into his court, to respond…. And if a clergyman shall have been convicted or has confessed, the church ought not to protect him otherwise.1 According to this statement, the clergy must answer to the … Introduce your quotation. indent indent No quotation mark. Briefly recap quotation. 1William Bruce Wheeler et al., Discovering the Western Past vol. 1. (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000) 138.

8. The Direct Quotation • Information taken directly from a source (copied word for word) but less than three lines. • Example: “The Boer War dragged on to 1901. By this time Britain was becoming anxious about the growing of a much closer rival.”2 Don’t indent margin. Double Space PERIOD, QUOTATION MARK, NOTATION 2 Bain et al., 47.

9. The Direct Quotation Sample Double Space Introduce your quotation: The unmarked routes, dirt roads, and different rail systems of Russia made the German convoys slow in reaching the various divisions. Nevertheless, Hitler chose to overlook these problems due to “a conviction that Germany’s future could be secured only through conquest of Lebensraum (living space) at the expense of Russia.”2 In the end, German troops would not advance even a quarter of the way into Russia. The quotation is integrated into the text. 2 Ian Kershaw, Hitler(New York: Longman, 1991) 18.

10. The Indirect Quotation • Information taken from a source and put into your own words. • Example: Double Space The Boer War continued until 1901. Britain was becoming anxious about German military expansion.3 3 Bain et al., 47.

11. The Indirect Quotation Sample This does not include the loss of German troops or those that encountered them along the way. Many people feared encounters with the Germans. Tales of German brutality toward Russians, such as Soviet POWs dying of starvation, maltreatment, or execution, began to surface.3The Germans took a number of captives during World War Two: “the Wehrmacht took 5,700,000 Russians prisoner; of these 3,300, 000 died in captivity, the majority in the first year of the campaign.”4 Inturn, Russian soldiers fought with an … Introduce your quotation. Double Space 3FOOTNOTE INFORMATION GOES HERE 4 FOOTNOTE INFORMATION GOES HERE

12. A Bibliography is a list of all the sources that you consulted for your assignment. Your sources are listed alphabetical by last name (just like the phonebook). Each entry is typed single spaced, but double spaced between entries. Indent the second line of each entry (5 spaces) Numbers are not needed for your entries. It goes at the end of your essay. The Bibliography There is no reason to “mess” this up. It is a formula – you just “plug” in your information.

13. Sample Bibliography Bibliography Adams, Lawrence, “Canadian…… Byers, Jim. “Olympic…… Harris, Nathaniel. Spotlight..... Alphabetical order (just like the phonebook)

14. Footnotes and Bibliography • You will be given a package that provides you with bibliography and footnote information for various sources. • Make sure that you format your Bibliography and footnotes properly. • You will be deducted one percent per error(example: forget a period = minus 1; forget a quotation mark = minus 1; forget a capital letter = minus 1, etc.)