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Khawaja Khurram

Khawaja Khurram. BB-11-09. Group Members. Names: Roll # Wajiha Noureen. BB-11-02 Khawaja Khurram. BB-11-09

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Khawaja Khurram

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  1. Khawaja Khurram BB-11-09

  2. Group Members Names: Roll # • Wajiha Noureen. BB-11-02 • Khawaja Khurram. BB-11-09 • Anam Ehtesham BB-11-15 • Zara Malik. BB-11-29 • Ramsha Alvi. BB-11-38 • Sana Tariq. BB-11-52 • Kiran Shahid. BB-11-30 • Muhammad Gohar. BB-11-50

  3. Topic: Social Sectors of Pakistan (health, education, urbanization, energy crisis). Role of IMF and World Bank. Structural Adjustment Program

  4. OVERVEIW • This presentation basically gives the overall review about the social sectors of Pakistan. It also tells about the changings in the economy. The upward and downward trends of social sectors are explained in it with the help of statistical data and graphs. • Apart from this, energy crisis has been enlightened which is considered to be one of the major problems in Pakistan that is playing a great role in the destruction of Pakistan’s economy. • Role of IMF and World Bank is explained. The purpose is to highlight the impact of Structural Adjustment Program on the economy of Pakistan, that how it leads the country to betterment. Comparison between different countries is mentioned to show clear and visible changes in the economies. • It simply explains the trends in Pakistan economy, due to changes in the social sectors, problems in the sectors, role of IMF in the economy, impact of SAP and comparison of Pakistan with external world.

  5. Social Sectors Of Pakistan Around the whole World

  6. Transport And Telecommunication • Road system extends approximately 180,000 kilometers in 1992; asphalt roads about 51 percent of total. Number of motor vehicles estimated at nearly 2 million in 1992, including 932,000 motorcycles, 454,000 automobiles, 220,000 tractors, 157,000 trucks and vans, and 37,000 buses. • Telegraph and telephone systems government owned. Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation had monopoly on radio broadcasting with home service of 270 hours daily in twenty languages and world service of ten hours daily in two languages in 1995. Government controlled Pakistan Television Corporation (PTV) transmits daily; privately owned People's Television Network transmits on eight channels; twenty-nine TV broadcast stations; more than 2 million TV sets in use in 1995.

  7. Ports: Karachi, Port Muhammad bin Qasim, Gwadar, and Pasni. • Railroads: 8,775 kilometers total; 7,718 kilometers broad gauge, 445 kilometers 1-meter gauge, and 610 kilometers less than 1-meter gauge; 1,037 kilometers broad-gauge double track; 286 kilometers electrified; most government owned.

  8. Education • Adult literacy is low, but improving. In 1992 more than 36 percent of adults over fifteen were literate, compared with 21 percent in 1970. The rate of improvement is highlighted by the 50 percent literacy achieved among those aged fifteen to nineteen in 1990. School enrollment also increased, from 19 percent of those aged six to twenty-three in 1980 to 24 percent in 1990. However, by 1992 the population over twenty-five had a mean of only 1.9 years of schooling. This fact explains the minimal criteria for being considered literate: having the ability to both read and write (with understanding) a short, simple statement on everyday life.

  9. IMPROVEMENT • The standard of education and the literacy rate is being improved day by day.

  10. Ramsha Alvi BB-11-38

  11. HEALTH AND URBANIZATION

  12. HEALTH • In 1992 some 35 million Pakistanis, or about 30 percent of the population, were unable to afford nutritionally adequate food or to afford any nonfood items at all. • Between 1985 and 1991, about 85 percent of rural residents and 100 percent of urban dwellers had access to some kind of Western or biomedical health care; but 12.9 million people had no access to health services. • In the early 1990s, the leading causes of death remained gastroenteritis, respiratory infections, congenital abnormalities, tuberculosis, malaria, and typhoid. Gastrointestinal, parasitic, and respiratory ailments.

  13. Overall ConclusionFrom the years 1999-2000 the life expectancy in males was 64 whereas for females it was 66. • Women's HealthTotal Fertility Rate: 4.5-4.3 • Child Health Rate Infant Mortality : 81.5-79.8 • Ratios: 2000-2001 % Vaccinated (1998): 70.7 Populations per Dentist: 3,732-3,639

  14. URBANIZATION • The level of urbanization in Pakistan is now the highest in South Asia, and its urban population is likely to equal its rural population by 2030, according to a report titled ‘Life in the City: Pakistan in Focus’ • Pakistan has and continues to urbanize at a faster pace than India. From 1975-1995, Pakistan grew 10% from 25% to 35% urbanized, while India grew 6% from 20% to 26%. From 1995-2025, the UN forecast says Pakistan urbanizing from 35% to 60%, while India's forecast is 26% to 45%. • A 2008 report by UN Population Fund says the share of the urban population in Pakistan almost doubled from 17.4 percent in 1951 to 32.5 percent in 1998. • Approximately three-quarters of the total urban population of Sindh are concentrated in just three urban centers: Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur. Karachi is growing so fast that estimate of its population range from 12 million to 18 million.

  15. "Pakistan has to be part of globalization or you end up with Talibanization". Until we put these young people into industrialization and services, and off-farm work, they will drift into this negative extremism; there is nothing worse than not having a job. But increasing urbanization in South Asia represents both a challenge and an opportunity for India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. It is a challenge because it imposes a rapidly growing burden on the already overcrowded megacities such as Mumbai, Delhi, Dhaka and Karachi. Wall Street Journal

  16. Wajiha Noureen BB-11-02

  17. Energy Crisis In Pakistan

  18. What Is Energy Crisis? • An energy crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources.

  19. Introduction • Electricity Crisis in Pakistan is one of the severe challenges the country is facing today. Electricity is essential part of our daily life and its shortage has severely affected the economy and overall living of ours. Pakistan is currently facing up to 18 hours of electricity outage a day, is expected to face more if not dealt with in time.

  20. Hydropower Energy • Present demand of electricity in country in actual is above 17,000 MW and will be 30,000 MW by year 2017 • Energy deficit was 3,000 to 5,000 MW . • Hydropower Potential - 100,000 MW • 70 % of hydro potential lies in KPK

  21. Nuclear Energy • Pakistan has around 30 thousand metric tons of uranium (308). • Pakistan has three nuclear reactors of 850 MW power. • It is only 3.4 % of the electricity production.

  22. Coal Energy • Pakistan produces only 0.2 % of its power through coal. • The current coal production in Pakistan is only 3.5 million tons per year. • In Pakistan, there are plans to build only two 300 MW coal-fired plants at Thar.

  23. Current Energy Crises • Current Energy Annual Shortfall goes even up to 5,000 MW • Annual Increase in Energy Demand: 8-12% • Peak Demand: 13,000 – 18,000 MW • Today’s Energy Shortfall: 3,059 MW

  24. TEN YEARS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION

  25. Supply and Demand:

  26. Causes of energy crises • Crises in hydropower energy • Crises in coal • Crises in oil & gas • Crises in nuclear • Poor governance • Circular debt • Corruption • Electricity theft

  27. Hydropower • Environmental impact • Provincial disputes • Geological • Long development and construction phase • Financing • Silting in reservoirs • Snow melt unpredictability (climate change?)

  28. Coal • Mining challenges (deep mining technology and lack of expertise) • Quality of coal • Water requirement • Long development and construction phase • Financing • Environmental impact

  29. Oil & Gas • Indigenous resources depleting (oil & gas reserves) • Imported oil based energy expensive and price volatile • Iran pipeline - International politics • Burden of energy “insecurity”

  30. Nuclear • Obstacles due to international concerns • Financing • Long lead time • Project execution delays and cost overruns • Cost of waste management • Cost of decommissioning

  31. SANA TARIQ BB-11-52

  32. ENERGY CRISES Effects, Solutions & Remedies.

  33. EFFECTS • Due to energy crises Industrial process stopped and Pakistan has to face economic setback. Consequently, millions of the people working in industrial units have been deployed which made the life of a lay man very sour. Internationally, this economic setback damaged the national dignity of the country very badly .

  34. EFFECTS ON INDUSTRY According to an estimate, there are 10,000 factories in Lahore, among which approximately 30-40 percent factories have been closed because of load shedding. These factories were utilizing electricity and Sui gas in a huge amount.

  35. Affected Industries • Dry Cleaning Industry • Railroads • Grocery stores • Petroleum Industries

  36. On Agriculture load shedding is destroying the agriculture sector because there are 200,000 electric tube wells in the country to irrigate the land, which could not be run due to electricity shortage , decrease in agriculture production and food shortage in the country.

  37. Unemployment According to the labor department sources, approximately 800,000 laborers have been dispelled from their jobs. While, 400,000 to 800,000 laborers were receiving less wage

  38. OTHER EFFECTS Energy crises badly effect education. Economic development of Pakistan badly affected by Energy crises. Higher electricity prices.

  39. SOLUTIONS Solar Energy is energy derived from Sun in the form of ultra violet rays. Pakistan has the great gift of God in the form of “Sun Light”. It should be installed in hottest areas of Pakistan. Cottage industry & power looms can be run on this energy.

  40. WIND ENERGY The power which is produce through the Energy , in Winds is called Wind Energy. Pakistan is blessed with a large resource of wind corridor. Govt. should pay attention in this resource.

  41. BIO GAS • Pakistan is meeting 1.50% of its energy requirements from biomass, whose consumption is increasing average at the rate of over 5% per annum. AEDB is actively working for Biogas.

  42. ENERGY PLANNING • Pakistan needs to set up at least a Dozen Nuclear Power Plants, large coal fired plants, wind farms and solar plants in the next 10 years to generate about 20,000 MW of electricity.

  43. Recommendations Continuous updating of equipment. Conservation of energy resources Exploring coal Improvement of distribution system. Exploration of more oil ,gas & coal reserves.

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