1 / 10

KEY TERMS

KEY TERMS. Argumen t : A conclusion together with the premises that support it. Premise : A reason offered as support for another claim. Conclusio n : A claim that is supported by a premise. Vali d : An argument whose premises logically lead to its conclusion.

fayre
Download Presentation

KEY TERMS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. KEY TERMS • Argument: A conclusion together with thepremises that support it. • Premise: A reason offered as support for another claim. • Conclusion: A claim that is supported by a premise. • Valid: An argument whose premises logically lead to its conclusion. • Unsound:Anargumentthathasatleast one false premise.

  2. KEY TERMS Induction • A process of reasoning in which we use small, specific examples or observation to reach a BIG, general rule, conclusion or theory

  3. KEY TERMS Deduction • A process of reasoning in which we use BIG, general rules or theories to reach a conclusion about a specific observation or instances.

  4. Inductive or Deductive 1. The Giants have lost their last seven games. Thus, they will probably lose their next game.  2. If you brush and floss your teeth daily then you will have fewer cavities. Marie brushes and flosses her teeth daily. Thus, she will have fewer cavities.  3. Jones will play tennis today if Smith plays. Jones will not play tennis today. Therefore, Smith will not play.  4. 4 out of 5 times I beat Corey at pool and I'm going to play him tomorrow. So, I'll very likely win. 5. No man has ever gotten pregnant. Therefore, no man ever will get pregnant.

  5. Inductive or Deductive • The Giants have lost … Inductive argument – uses 7 specific examples to reach a bigger conclusion  2. If you brush and floss your teeth … Deductive argument – states the broadly accepted research and reaches a specific conclusin  3. Jones will play tennis today if … Deductive argument –give the overarching rule that governs the behavior to predict a specific outcome  4. 4 out of 5 times I beat Corey… Inductive argument – uses specific examples to predict the conclusion 5. No man has ever gotten pregnant… Inductive argument – the conclusion is a BIG, overarching rule based on specific experiences to date.

  6. KEY TERMS • Syllogism: The simplest sequence of logical premises and conclusions, consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. The typical Syllogism looks like :

  7. KEY TERMS • Argument form: breaking down the sentences of an argument by substituting LETTERS for KEY TERMS The typical argument form looks like :

  8. KEY TERMS • In the Argument form we put 'H' for 'human' and 'humans', 'M' for 'mortal', and 'S' for 'Socrates'; what results is the form of the original argument.

  9. KEY TERMS What is the argument form to the syllogism below?

  10. KEY TERMS What is the argument form to the syllogism below?

More Related