Orthopedics

1. 6 Orthopedics

2. Media Directory Slide 20 View the Skeleton Slide 29 Arthroscopy Video Slide 49 Osteoporosis Video Slide 56 Carpal Tunnel Video Slide 58 Hip Fracture Slide 69 Muscle Atrophy Video Slide 70 Muscular Dystrophy Video Slide 73 Arthritis Video Slide 80 Spina Bifida Video

3. Learning Objectives UNDERSTAND the function of the musculoskeletal system. DESCRIBE the medical specialty of orthopedics. DEFINE orthopedic-related combining forms, prefixes, and suffixes. IDENTIFY the organs treated in orthopedics.

4. Learning Objectives BUILD orthopedic medical terms from word parts. EXPLAIN orthopedic medical terms. USE orthopedic abbreviations.

5. Introduction to Orthopedics • Musculoskeletal system consists of: • Bones • Muscles • Joints • Bones joined together by ligaments • Forms skeleton • Framework of body

6. Introduction to Orthopedics • Joints • Point where two bones meet • Provides flexibility for movement • Muscles • Attached to bones by tendons • Contract to move bones at each joint

7. Orthopedics • Also called orthopedic surgery • Branch of medicine concerned with bones, muscles, and joints • Orthopedists or orthopedic surgeons • Use medical, surgical, and physical means • Correct defects and improve function of bones, joints, and muscles

8. Orthopedics • Examples of conditions include: • Birth defects such as spina bifida • Trauma such as fractures • Infections such as osteomyelitis • Tumors such as osteogenic sarcoma • Inflammatory conditions such as arthritis • Muscular problems such as muscular dystrophy

9. Orthopedics Combining Forms • arthr/o joint • burs/o bursa • chondr/o cartilage • muscul/o muscle • my/o muscle • myel/o bone marrow • oste/o bone • ten/o tendon • tendin/o tendon

10. Bone Combining Forms • carp/o carpals (wrist) • clavicul/o clavicle (collar bone) • coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone) • cost/o rib • crani/o skull

11. Bone Combining Forms • femor/o femur (thigh bone) • fibul/o fibula (thinner lower leg bone) • humer/o humerus (upper arm bone) • ili/o ilium (part of pelvis) • ischi/o ischium (part of pelvis)

12. Bone Combining Forms • mandibul/o mandible (lower jaw) • maxill/o maxilla (upper jaw) • metacarp/o metacarpus (hand bones) • metatars/o metatarsus (foot bones) • patell/o patella (kneecap)

13. Bone Combining Forms • phalang/o phalanges (fingers and toes) • pub/o pubis (part of pelvis) • radi/o radius (part of forearm) • sacr/o sacrum (part of pelvis) • scapul/o scapula (shoulder blade)

14. Bone Combining Forms • spondyl/o vertebra • stern/o sternum (breast bone) • tars/o tarsals (ankle) • tibi/o tibia (shin, larger lower leg bone) • uln/o ulna (part of forearm) • vertebr/o vertebra (back bone)

15. Additional Combining Forms cutane/o skin electr/o electricity fibr/o fibrous kyph/o hump lord/o bent backwards orth/o straight path/o disease scoli/o crooked, bent

16. Suffix Review -ac pertaining to -al pertaining to -algia pain -ar pertaining to -ary pertaining to -asthenia weakness -centesis puncture to withdraw fluid -clasia surgical breaking -cyte cell -desis surgical fixation -dynia pain -eal pertaining to -ectomy surgical removal -genic producing -gram record -graphy process of recording -ic pertaining to

17. Suffix Review -itis inflammation -kinesia movement -malacia softening -metry process of measuring -oma tumor -osis abnormal condition -otomy cutting into -ous pertaining to -pathy disease -plasty surgical repair -porosis porous -rrhaphy suture -rrhexis rupture -scope instrument for viewing -scopy process of visually examining -tome instrument to cut -trophy development

18. Prefix Review a- without brady- slow dys- difficult, painful inter- between intra- within hyper- excessive per- through sub- under supra- above

19. Skeleton Figure 6.1 The skeleton.

20. View the Skeleton Click on the image in presentation mode for 360 degree views of the skeleton. Click a second time to pause the video. Back to Directory

21. Types of Muscles Figure 6.2 Types of muscles in the body.

22. Building Orthopedic Terms For each orthopedic term introduced on the next few slides, write the completed term in your textbook (pg 84).

23. -ac • Suffix meaning pertaining to • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to under the ilium subiliac

24. -al • Suffix meaning pertaining to • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to the wrist carpal • pertaining to between the ribs intercostal • pertaining to between the vertebra intervertebral

25. -ar • Suffix meaning pertaining to • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to the fibula fibular

26. Arthr/o • Combining form meaning joint • Also called an articulation • Formed when two bones meet • Most joints are freely moving synovial joints

27. Figure 6.3 Joints.

28. Arthr/o • Build a term meaning: • process of visually examining a joint arthroscopy • surgical fixation of a joint arthrodesis • record of a joint arthrogram arthr/o + -gram

29. Arthroscopy Video Click on the image in presentation mode to view a video of arthroscopic surgery on a shoulder. Click a second time to pause the video. Back to Directory

30. -ary • Suffix meaning pertaining to • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to above the maxilla supramaxillary

31. Burs/o • Combining form meaning bursa • Fluid-filled sac • Found between tendon and bone • Serves to reduce friction

32. Burs/o • Build a term meaning: • bursa inflammation bursitis • surgical removal of a bursa bursectomy burs/o + -ectomy

33. Chondr/o • Combining form meaning cartilage • Tough, flexible connective tissue • Covers ends of bones in joint • Serves as shock absorber

34. Chondr/o • Build a term meaning: • cartilage softening chondromalacia • cartilage tumor chondroma

35. Crani/o • Combining form meaning skull • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to the skull cranial • pertaining to within the skull intracranial • surgical repair of the skull cranioplasty

36. Figure 6.4 Skull.

37. -eal • Suffix meaning pertaining to • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to the phalanges phalangeal

38. -ic • Suffix meaning pertaining to • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to above the pubis suprapubic

39. -kinesia • Suffix meaning movement • Build a term meaning: • slow movement bradykinesia • difficult movement dyskinesia • excessive movement hyperkinesia hyper- + -kinesia

40. Muscul/o • Combining form meaning muscle • Contracts to produce movement • Three types • Skeletal muscle moves skeleton • Smooth muscle produces movement in internal organs like stomach and bladder • Cardiac muscle produces heartbeat

41. Figure 6.5 Muscles.

42. Muscul/o • Build a term meaning: • pertaining to within muscle intramuscular intra- +muscul/o + -ar

43. Myel/o • Combining form meaning red bone marrow • Found inside bones • Produces blood cells

44. Myel/o • Build a term meaning: • red bone marrow tumor myeloma • producing red bone marrow myelogenic

45. My/o • Another combining form meaning muscle • Build a term meaning: • muscle pain myalgia • muscle weakness myasthenia • record of muscle's electricity electromyogram

46. Oste/o • Combining form meaning bone • Hard, calcified connective tissue • Functions • Supports and moves body • Protects internal organs like heart and lungs • Houses red bone marrow • Serves as mineral storehouse

47. Figure 6.6 Bone.

48. Oste/o • Build a term meaning: • bone cell osteocyte • producing bone osteogenic • bone and cartilage tumor osteochondroma

49. Osteoporosis Video Click on the image in presentation mode to view a video on osteoporosis. Click a second time to pause the video. Back to Directory

50. Spondyl/o • Combining form meaning vertebra • Build a term meaning: • abnormal condition of a vertebra spondylosis