Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model: Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade

1. The next decade presents NP with a unique opportunity to discover key ingredients of the “new Standard Model” Theory leadership is essential to realizing this opportunity Nuclear Theory & the New Standard Model:Neutrinos & Fundamental Symmetries in the Next Decade Solar ns & the neutrino revolution Fifty years of PV in nuclear physics Michael Ramsey-Musolf, Newport News 2007

2. 2007 Long Range Plan New Standard Model Initiative We recommend a targeted program of experiments to investigate neutrino properties and fundamental symmetries. These experiments aim to discover the nature of the neutrino, yet unseen violations of time-reversal symmetry, and other key ingredients of the new standard model of fundamental interactions. Construction of a Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory is vital to U.S. leadership in core aspects of this initiative. High potential for major discoveries and new insights

3. Two frontiers in the search for new physics Collider experiments (pp, e+e-, etc) at higher energies (E >> MZ) Indirect searches at lower energies (E < MZ) but high precision Large Hadron Collider Ultra cold neutrons CERN Particle, nuclear & atomic physics High energy physics Opportunity: Unique role for low energy studies in the LHC era (and beyond!)

4. Scientific Questions • What are the masses of neutrinos and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? 0nbb decay, q13, b decay,… • Why is there more matter than antimatter in the present universe? EDM, DM, LFV, 0nbb, q13 … • What are the unseen forces that disappeared from view as the universe cooled? Weak decays, PVES, gm-2,…

5. Vital Role for Nuclear Theory • Interpreting Experimental Results Refined computations of St’d Model predictions, strong interaction effects, & many-body contributions Comprehensive & systematic calculations of possible effects in candidate scenarios for the new standard model • Guiding Development of Exp’tl Program Identifying appropriate combinations of measurements, suitable “kinematics”, and relevant level of precision • Delineating Broader Implications Placing in context of high energy collider & cosmological studies & identifying unique info provided by nuclear studies

6. Theoretical Progress & Challenges • The Nature of the Neutrino 0nbb-decay • The Origin of Baryonic Matter EDM • Other Key Ingredients: Precision Program Neutrino mass & mixing, PVES, weak decays, gm-2…

7. Cosmic Energy Budget Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Leptogenesis: discover the ingredients: LN- & CP-violation in neutrinos Weak scale baryogenesis: test experimentally: EDMs Nuclear Science mission: explain the origin, evolution, & structure of the baryonic component Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) The Origin of Matter & Energy Baryogenesis: When? CPV? SUSY? Neutrinos? ?

8. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Long baseline b-decay ? ? 0nbb-Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana

9. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Vogel et al: reduce QRPA spread by calibrating gPP to T2n Shell Model vs. QRPA Configs near Fermi surface Levels above Fermi surface 0nbb-Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana Light nM exchange: can we determine mn

10. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism Does operator power counting suffice? Prezeau et al: EFT O(1) for L ~ TeV 0nbb-Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana Mechanism: does light nM exchange dominate ? How to calc effects reliably ? How to disentangle H & L ?

11. Theory Challenge: matrix elements+ mechanism • If the existence of the decay is established: • What mechanism? • Which additional isotopes ? 0nbb-Decay: LNV? Mass Term? Dirac Majorana

12. mN=2.2 GeV Improvements of 102 to 103 Electron ChPT for dn: van Kolck et al Hadronic couplings Neutron EDM from LQCD: Nuclear Schiff Moment Pospelov et al: QCD QCD QCD Nuclear EDM: Screened in atoms • Two approaches: • Expand in q & average over topological sectors (Blum et al, Shintani et al) • Compute DE for spin up/down nucleon in background Efield (Shintani et al) PCAC + had models & QCD SR QCD SR (Pospelov et al) EDMs: New CPV? Neutron Neutral Atoms Deuteron

13. Liu et al: New formulation of Schiff operator New nuclear calc’s needed ! + … Dominant in nuclei & atoms Nuclear & hadron structure ! Schiff Moment in 199Hg Engel & de Jesus: Reduced isoscalar sensitivity ( qQCD ) EDMs & Schiff Moments One-loop EDM: q, l, n… Chromo-EDM: q, n…

14. Quantum Transport CPV Chem Eq R-M et al Unbroken phase Weak Scale Baryogenesis Systematic baryogenesis: SD equations + power counting Veff (f,T): Requirements on Higgs sector extensions & expt’l probes • B violation • C & CP violation • Nonequilibrium dynamics Topological transitions Broken phase CP Violation 1st order phase transition Sakharov, 1967 Theoretical Issues: Strength of phase transition (Higgs sector) Bubble dynamics (numerical) Transport at phase boundary (non-eq QFT) EDMs: many-body physics & QCD • Is it viable? • Can experiment constrain it? • How reliably can we compute it? • Is it viable? • Can experiment constrain it? • How reliably can we compute it? Baryogenesis: New Electroweak Physics

15. Ongoing theory for baryon asymmetry (R-M et al): • Refined quantum transport calc’s of CPV asymmetries during EW phase transition • Bubble dynamics • Application to models of new CPV • Complementarity with LHC baryogenesis Prospective dn LHC reach LEP II excl Present de Baryogenesis: EDMs & Colliders Cirigliano, Profumo, R-M

16. Electroweak symmetry breaking: Higgs ? Beyond the SM SM symmetry (broken) Precision Probes of New Symmetries New Symmetries Origin of Matter Unification & gravity Weak scale stability Neutrinos

17. Muons • gm-2 • mA!eA • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Nuclei & Charged Leptons PV Electron Scattering • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS Weak Decays • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays

18. Ongoing theory for JLab EWK: • QCD & Had Structure effects in PVDIS: CSB, HT… • Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? Moller (ee) Muons Q-Weak (ep) Weak Decays • gm-2 • mA!eA • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Nuclei & Charged Leptons I PV Electron Scattering • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS • Substantially reduced QCD uncertainty in sin2qW running • QCD uncertainties in ep box graphs quantified • Comprehensive analysis of new physics effects

19. Ongoing theory for weak decays: • Further reductions in QCD errors? • Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? • Implications of LHC results ? mn SUSY effects in weak decays PV Electron Scattering Muons • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS mn implications for NP in weak decays Vud & CKM Unitarity • gm-2 • mA!eA • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC Reduced QCD error: Marciano & Sirlin Reduced QCD error: Cirigliano & Roselle ChPT for b-decay: Gardner et al, Ando et al Nuclei & Charged Leptons II Weak Decays • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays

20. Ongoing theory for gm-2: • Further reductions in had LBL uncertainty? • Impact on Extra Dim scenarios ? PV Electron Scattering p g Z Muons m m Had VP: Disp Rel & e+e- Lattice QCD (T Blum) • Q-Weak • 12 GeV Moller • PV DIS Had VP Had LbL QED Weak Had LBL: ChPT Hadronic Models Lattice QCD? Weak Decays • gm-2 • mA!eA • n decay correlations • nuclear b decay • pion decays • muon decays • Essential Role for Theory • Precise SM predictions (QCD) • Sensitivity to new physics & complementarity w/ LHC SUSY Loops: Sign of Higgsino mass Nuclei & Charged Leptons III

21. Normal Inverted Daya Bay LENS Precision Neutrino Property Studies Mixing, hierarchy, & CPV Neutrino CPV: Implications for leptogenesis ? Oscillations and supernovae: Implications of q12 , q13 & hierarchy for nn scattering in n-driven wind? (Duan, Fuller, Carlson, Qian; Balantekin, Pehlivan)

22. KATRIN, Mare WMAP & Beyond New n int: CMB consistent with larger mn Beacom, Bell, Dodelson Energy Density Power Spectrum Precision Neutrino Property Studies Neutrino Mass: Terrestrial vs Cosmological

23. See also G. McLaughlin et al for n probes of supernovae Weak Probes of Astro & QCD Beacom & Vagins: Dope SuperK with Gd Cl3 to detect diffuse supernova neutrino background Zhu et al: EFT for hadronic PV

24. Nuclear Theory & the New St’d Model Progress & Opportunities • Small but hardy band of theorists making significant progress needed to guide experimental program and interpret results • Progress in reducing QCD & nuclear structure uncertainties (0nbb, EDM, PVES, weak decays, gm-2) • Comprehensive computations of SUSY effects • Broader implications for cosmo and astro (baryogenesis, supernovae, mn from CMB) • Close interaction between theory & exp’t • Rich, interdisciplinary field with room to grow!

25. Back Matter

26. 0nbb signal equivalent to degenerate hierarchy l111/ ~ 0.06 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV Loop contribution to mn of inverted hierarchy scale 0nbb: Mechanism & mn Impt to know if RPV interactions exist and, if so, what magnitude

27. 0nbb decay Light nM exchange ? m!eg m!e LFV Probes of RPV: LFV Probes of RPV: Heavy particle exchange ? lk11/ ~ 0.09 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV lk11/ ~ 0.008 for mSUSY ~ 1 TeV Low scale LFV: R ~ O(1) GUT scale LFV: R ~ O(a) Lepton Flavor & Number Violation Raidal, Santamaria; Cirigliano, Kurylov, R-M, Vogel MEG: Bm!eg ~ 5 x 10-14 Logarithmic enhancements of R MECO: Bm!e ~ 5 x 10-17

28. Higher Twist: qq and qqg correlations e- e- * Z* X N Charge sym in pdfs 12 GeV 6 GeV d(x)/u(x): large x Electroweak test: e-q couplings & sin2qW Deep Inelastic PV: Beyond the Parton Model & SM