Production Economics of Allanblackia

1. Production Economics of Allanblackia • If Allanblackia is a cash cow? • How big is the cow • How much cash does the cow give you

2. What are our assumptions? • seedlings/cuttings are available • farm-gate price is $0.15 per kilo of seeds • one village/community will produce viable quantity • cuttings take 4 years to fruit • seedlings take 12 years to fruit • adequate labour for processing • there will be sufficient males in the landscape • average yield of 30 fruit per tree • three AB fruit give 1 kg of seeds • no negative aspects of AB (alternate pest host) • no significant input costs (pests, fertiliser) • no punitive taxes or barriers • no restrictive policies

3. 450 400 350 300 250 3 fruit = 1 kg seeds 200 150 Average total seed weight per fruit per tree (g) 100 50 0 Tree 4 fruit = 1kg seeds 5 fruit = 1kg seeds Tree-to-tree variation in seed weight per fruit for A. floribunda trees sampled at the Yalpenda site, Cameroon Values of average total seed weight per fruit per tree are shown for 57 trees, with measurements based on 40 fruit per tree. Values varied widely between trees, and differences were statistically significant. Source: ICRAF Cameroon

5. Cropping systems • Livestock raising systems • Transformation systems • Uncultivated lands • Tools, machines, buildings and cash flows The farm level and the system approach The farm or “production system”, with : • Workforce and labour organisation during the year

6. Shade / Timber /Fruits … Dynamic systems Intercropping and complex associations Shade / Fruits Cacao trees Time The cultivated plot and the system approach Perennial crops and the case of cacao tree

7. Olympe and the cropping system level Variables definitions (Information database) Cropping lnd livestock raising systems All taxes and units

8. Olympe : the farm level (allocation of surfaces) Variables definitions (Information database) • STEP 2 • Definitions for • NAMES of VARIABLES • UNIT PRICES • PER type of INCOME and COST. • AVAILABLE WORKING PERIODS during the year • STEP 3 Definitions for • cycles, • q/ha • NECESARYworking time Cropping and livestock raising systems STEP 1 Definitions for UNITS and TAXES All taxes and units FARM : C & L systems and areas • STEP 4 • cropping S, • livestock S • areas

9. The region level and the system approach Farming systems B A A B A

10. Olympe functions : external effects Variables definitions (Information database) Cropping and livestock raising systems Prices and yields variations All taxes and units REGION : Farm types Global analysis FARM : C & L systems and areas Typologies

13. What are existing enterprises and alternatives to AB Clove cultivation

14. Eucalyptus over tea

15. Bananas and maize

16. Black peppers and gliricidia

22. Economies of scale

25. If you want 10 million trees at year 4 then plant 15.6 million in year 1 (= 25,000 ha equivalents) (but may be spread over 200,000 ha and 80,000 households) Cost of establishment Year 1 = $3,510,000 Year 2 = $3,160,000 Year 3 = $3,000,000 Total = $9,670,000 To generate a 40,000 t oil per annum business = $30 million per annum

26. Village Nurseries • Key to success of the venture, not well coordinated at present • Need technical, financial and social aspects (partnership, joint accountability) • Need different approaches (community, individual, associations) • Need to document germplasm being used (origin, type, quantity) • Need to maintain register of nurseries and activities • Need to be clear on buy-back, research involvement, etc • Need awareness raising of what use seedlings for (e.g. grafting)

27. Nursery business

28. Village Nurseries

29. Vegetative Propagation $10 is compensation not income

32. Risks versus Returns RETURNS R I S K S