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ENGLISH（英语）

ENGLISH（英语）. OXFORD Shanghai Edition 高中一年级. Module 2 Colourful life. Unit 3 A taste of travel. Module 2 Colourful life. New words and Expressions Reading

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ENGLISH（英语）

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  1. ENGLISH（英语） OXFORD Shanghai Edition 高中一年级

  2. Module 2 Colourful life • Unit 3 A taste of travel

  3. Module 2 Colourful life • New words and Expressions • Reading • twist v. to have many bends and turnsa(盘旋，蜿蜒，曲折）例句：The Great Wall twists and turns along the top of the mountain chains in northern China. • construction n. the building or making of something(建造）例句：Construction of the wall began in the fifth century BC. • magnificent adj.very good-looking and remarkable(壮丽的，宏伟的）例句：The building is a magnificent structure with a square base and a round top. • structure a building,or something made of differeny parts(构造体，建筑物）例句：见上句 • construction n. the building or making of something(建造）例句：Construction of the wall began in the fifth century BC. • 匆匆看一下 （常与at连用）

  4. Module 1 The human body • senior adj. • high in rank or position(高级别的） • 例句：Mr Young,a senoir employee,was standing there. • employee n. • a person who works for someone else(职员，雇员） • 例句：Mr Young,a senoir employee,was standing there.

  5. Module 1 The human body • prefer v. • to like better(宁可，更喜欢） • 例句：Pepole always prefer Debbie to me.I can't understand it. • communicate v.to give information to others(交流） • 例句：It's the way you communicate. • gesture n. • a movement of one's hand or head as part of communication(手势，姿势） • 例句：It's your gestures and expression on your face and in your eyes.

  6. Module 1 The human body • expression n. • a look on one's face that communicates feeling(表情，表达。 动词形式express） • 例句：It's your gestures and expression on your face and in your eyes. • appearance n. • the way somebody or something looks(外貌，外观，出现。动词形式appear） • 例句：Your whole appearance communicates things.

  7. Module 1 The human body • impression n. • the feeling that one gives others(印象） • 例句：The way you look at people doesn't give them a good impression. • downwards adv. • towards a lower place(向下地，由down + wards 构成） • 例句：You look downwards.

  8. Module 1 The human body • assistance n. • help(帮助，动词形式assist） • 例句：That's why they go to Debbie for assistance,and not to you. • without hesitation • directly,with on pause(毫不迟疑地，直接） • Without hesitation she went to Simon and gave him a big smile. • remark v. • to comment on; to make a brief statement(说，评论） • 例句：Mr young came over at once and remarked 'you made a good impression on her'..

  9. Module 1 The human body • remind v. • to help(somebody）remember (something) (提醒） • 例句：My sisiter wanted to remind me that tommorrow is her birthday. • .

  10. Module 1 The human body • Grammar(语法回顾）. • A Review of tenses(时态）(1) • 1）Simple pesent:一般现在时 说的是 我们经常做的事情或者那些总是正确的事情，常与often，always等表示频率的词连用 • 请看例句 ：a） You often rest your head on your hand. • b) The sun rises in the east. • c) Tommorrow is your birthday. • d) Your surname is Zhuang. • 2)Present continous: 现在进行时 说的是 现在正在发生的事情 常与now，at this moment等表示时间的词，词组或者从句连用连用:现在进行时还表示将来要发生的计划（future plan） • 请看例句：a) She is holding her head up. • b) He is leaving for Shanghai tonight.

  11. Module 1 The human body • 3）Simple future:一般将来时 说的是 预测 计划将来要发生的事情,常与表示将来的时间的副词连用 • 请看例句 ：a） It will be sunny tommorrow. • b) .I will attend an important meeting the day after tommorrow; • Notice:请注意下列动词通常只用于一般现在时态，而不用于将来时态： • a）表示感觉的动词：hear,see, smell, taste • b)表示思想活动的动词： • believe know,mean,realize,remember,think • c) 表示喜好的动词：dislike，fear,hate,like,love,want • d) 表示拥有的动词：belong，have，own.possess

  12. Module 1 The human body • 练习题 • Complete the dialogue below using the correct tense of the words in the bracket.Adding helping words as nesessary. • Susan : Hello,Sandra,it's Susan.I ______ (go) to the • party at school tommorrow. Can we go together? • Sandra: Sorry I can't.My grandparents_______(come) • over.By the way ,what_____ you______ (wear) to the • party? • Susan: ______ you ______ (think) I could borrow your blouse? • Sandra: Which one ____ you ____ (mean)? • Susan: The blue one. I really ___(like) the way it looks. • Sandra: Yes, you can borrow it. It ____ (look) beatiful on you. • I _____ (wash) it right now. _____ you ____(have) a • skirt to go withi it? • Susan : No.I _____ (go) out to buy one with my mum this afternoon.

  13. Module 1 The human body • B Review of tenses(时态）(2) • 1)Simple past:一般过去时 说的是 发生在过去且现在已经完成的动作 • 请看例句：He sat up and smiled at people. • 2)Present Perfect:现在完成时 说的是 过去发生的 且对现在仍然有效果的一个动作 • 请看例句：People have communicated witn body language. • party? • 3)Past continuous:过去进行时 说的是过去某一特定时间正在发生的动作 • 请看例句：Was the sun shining at that time? • 4)Past perfect: 过去完成时 说的是 在过去某一特定时间之前已经发生的动作 • 请看例句：After I had fininshed the book I switched off the light

  14. Module 1 The human body • Notice: 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 • When we speak of a specific time in the past,we usually use the siple past tense. When we talk about a finished action that is still important,we usually use the present perfect tense.We also use this tense to announce news. • 练习题 • B1 Complete the story using the correct past tense of the verbs in the brackets. • Dr. Mtchell _______ (sit) in his chair after a hard day's work when thedoorbell ______ (ring). When he _____ (open) the door he _____ (see) a small girl standing outside in the cold weather. • The girl ______ (ask) the doctor to go to her house. At first,the doctor ______ ( not want) to go,but the girl ____ (cry) and said that her mother _____ (appear) to be very ill.So he ______ (agree).

  15. Module 1 The human body • She ____ (lead) him through the street and ____ (take) him to a small flat.There,he ____ find a sick woman. The woman ____ (lie) in bed.Dr. Mitchell _____ (examine) the woman and ______ (give) her some medicine.The woman said she _______ (feel) better. • 'Your daughter is a good girl',said the doctor.‘She ____ (come) to get me despite the cold and rain. • B2 In pairs,interview each other using the information in the table below • Use the examples to help you. • 1 you/play/a musical instrument? • S1: Do you play a musical instrument? • S2: Yes, I play the violin. • S1；When did you begin playing the violin? • S2: I began playing the violin 4 years ago.

  16. Module 1 The human body • S1:How long have you played the violin? • S2:I have played the violin for 4 years. • 2 you/play/a sport • 3 you/be/a member of a club? • 4 you/wear/glasses?or you/have/short hair?

  17. Module 1 The human body • S1:How long have you played the violin? • S2:I have played the violin for 4 years. • 2 you/play/a sport • 3 you/be/a member of a club? • 4 you/wear/glasses?or you/have/short hair? • B3 Complete this newspaper article using the correct tense • of the verbs in brackets. Adding helping words as necessary. • Sunshine Daily 18 Octomber 2005 • Shenzhou 6 ____ (return) saftely to Earth. • The capsule _____ (land) at 4.32 a.m. in inner Mongolia,yesterday.

  18. Module 1 The human body • It ____ (carry) two asronauts,Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng.After they ______ (land),the asronauts _____ (eat) a small meal.Then they _____ (fly) to Beijing.Both asronauts ______ (join) the space programme in 1998..Before that time,they ______ (serve) as fighter polits. With Shenzhou 5 and 6,China ______ (become) the third country to put people to into space. • Reading： Body Language(课文详解） • Debbie and Simon looked up as a well-dressed lady entered. 这句话的意思是：（ ）。在这个句子中，我们要特别注意as的用法，as是一个从属连词（ subordinative conjunction），意思是“当...时候”；同时要注意look up这个词组，在本句中，look up的意思是“抬起头来看”，当然look up还有另外一个意思是“查阅”

  19. Module 1 The human body • 看例句：Please look up the word in a dictionary. • 知识拓展：连词（conjunction） • 连词（conjunction）是连接单词，短语，从句，分句或者句子的一种虚词，在句子中不单独做句子成分，一般不重读。 • 分类：1）按其结构可以分为四类：a)简单连词（Simple conjunction），如and,or,but,if,because等。b）关联连词（correlative conjunction），如both...and...,not only...but also...等。c）分词连词（participial conjunction），如suposing，considering，provided等。d）短语连词（phrasal conjunction），如as if,as long as,in order that等。 • 2）连词按照其性质可以分为两类：a）等立连词（co-ordinative conjunction),这种连词是用以连接并列的单词，短语，从句或者分句的，如 and,or,but,for等。b）从属连词（subordinative conjunction），这种连词用以连接名词性从句和状语从句的，前者如that，wehether等，后者如when，although，because等。

  20. Module 1 The human body • The lady glanced at them both,then walked over to Debbie.这句话的意思是（ ）本句中 注意glanced at的意思是快速看...的意思同时注意一下then这个词是连接副词，连接两个等立的句子，所以这句话可以扩展为The lady glanced at them both,then the lady Debbie.walk over to 走（一段距离）到... • Debbie greeted her cheerfully.这句话的意思是（ ）注意greet somebody cheerfully 热情的招待（接待）某人的 • The lady said,'I want to go by train to...'意思是（ ），注意want to do sth, by train(by bus,plane,...乘坐某种交通工具用by) • Simon sighed and took some papers over to the fax machine.意思是（ ），注意papers的意思是文件，邮件，信件

  21. Module 1 The human body • Mr Young, a senior employee,was stangding there.意思是（ ），注意一下Mr Young 和a senoir employee的关系，后者是补充说明前者的，在句子中都是主语，它们是同位语。 • 'What's up,Simon? You don't look very happy'.这句话的意思是（ ）注意look + adj.(happy,unhappy...)的意思是：看起来....如何如何，what's up是怎么了，发生什么事情了的意思。 • ‘People always prefer Debbie to me.I can't understand it'.意思是（ ），注意I can't under stand it中的it指的是People always preferDebbie to me这件事情。这句话中我们要特别注意prefer的用法： • 1）prefer A to B意思是：更喜欢A和B相比较而言， • 2）prefer to do sth • 3)prefer doing sth

  22. Module 1 The human body • 'I can. It's the way you communicate'意思是（ ），注意一下I can.是个省略句，补完整为I can understand it.句子It's the way you communicate中 you communicate是一个定语从句，修饰the way的，the way中的way是一个名词，在句子中作宾语，修饰这个宾语的可以说形容词或者是个句子（从句） • 知识拓展：定语从句 • 用作定语的句子叫做定语从句（attributive Clause）。它通常置于它所修饰的名词或者代词之后，这种名词或者代词叫做先行词（antecedent）。引导定语从句的关联词为关系代词或者关系副词，关系代词在定语从句中可以用作主语，宾语，定语等，而关系副词在定语从句中只能做状语。 • A）用作定语从句的关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等，请看例句; • a)The man who was here yesterday is my father.（who,主格，在句子中做主语） • b)I know the man whom you mean.（whom，宾格，在从句中做宾语） • c)A child whose parents are dead is called orphan（whose是属格，做定语，修饰parents） • .that在从句中既可以作主语，又可以作宾语，既可以指人，也可以指物。 • d)The letter that is writen in pencil is fificult to read.(that在从句中作主语，指物） • e)Is he the man that sells eggs?(that在从句中做主语，指人）

  23. Module 1 The human body • f)The letter that I revieved from him is very important.(that作宾语，指物) • which可以作主语，也可以做宾语，一般指物。 • g)This is the book which has been retanslated into many languages.(主语） • h)This is the book which I borrowed this morning.(宾语）。 • which还可以在从句中做定语或者表语。 • i) I told him to consult the doctor,which advice he took.（作定语） • j)The two policemen were completely trusted,which in fact they were.(表语） • as,than,but也可以做关系代词。如： • k)The two brothers were satified with this decision,as was agreed beforehand(as在从句中作主语，其先行词是this decision) • l)He was a foreigner,as Iknew from his accent.(as作宾语，其先行词是逗号前面的一整句话。） • m)I never heard such stories as he tells（as在从句中做宾语,先行词是such stories）

  24. Module 1 The human body • n)Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.(as与the same连用，做表语，指物，其先行词是same) • o)You spent more money than was intented to be spent.(than做主语，其先行词是money） • p)There are very few but admire his talents.(but做主语，先行词是few）。 • 特别注意： • 1) 关系代词which在定语从句中做介词宾语时，介词既可以置于从句之首，也可以置于从句之尾。但是置于从句之首较为正式。如： • q)This is the book for which you asked.(介词for置于从句之首，表示强调） • r)This is the book which you asked for.(介词for置于从句之尾，which可以省略去) • 2)关系代词who和that在定语从句中用于介词宾语时，介词只能置于句末。 • s)The people you were talking to are Swedes.(关系代词who用作介词to的宾语，介词to必须置于句末，who在口语中常常省略掉） • t)Here is the car that I told you about.(that在从句中做介词about的宾语,介词about必须置于句末）

  25. Module 1 The human body • 3)有时候从句中还有其他成分时，介词也可以位于从句中间。 • u)This is the boy who he worked with in the office. • 4)先行词指人时，关系代词既可以用who也可以用that；但是关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，多用主格who。 • v)Persons who are quarrelsome are despised. • 5)代词he，they,you,any,all,one等之后多用who。 • w)All who heard the story were amazed. • x)I will pardon him who is honest. • y)I think it is you who should prove to me.(强调句多用who) • 6)先行词是man,who时，多用that • z)He was the man that the bottle fell on.(that作宾语，可用whom代替) • aa)He is not that man that he was.(that做表语) • ab)Who that you have ever seencan beat him in chess?(避免与先行词who重复) • 7)先行词指物时，关系词that和which往往可以互换，但是下列情况多用that： • ac)It was the liberation that brought about a complete change in his life.

  26. Module 1 The human body • ad)There is a house that has a bay window.(taht 在此表示固有的特点) • ae)The distance that you are from home is immaterial.你离家的距离是不足道的。(在限定性定语从句中关系代词用作表语时多用that，在描述性定语从句中多用which) • af)Which was the hotel that was recommened to you?(这里用that避免与which重复) • 8)下列情况多用which,如： • af)Larry told her the story of a young airman which I narrated at the beginning of the book.(离先行词story较远时用which） • ag)A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(先行词为“those+复数名词”多用which） • ah)I have that which you gave me.(which比较正式，非正式英语中可以用that) • ai)Beijing,which was the China'scapital for more than 800 years,is rich in cultural and historic relics.北京曾经是800年的中国首都，有丰富的历史文物。(描述性定语从句用which)

  27. Module 1 The human body • B)用作关联词的关系副词有when,where,why等 • 1)when在从句中用作时间定语，其先行词必须是表示时间的名词，如day,hour,week,night,year等。 • 2)where在从句中用作地点定语，其先行词必须是表示地点的名。如： • They went to the Royal Theatre,where they saw Ibsen's "The Doll's House".我们去皇家影剧院看了易卜生的《玩偶家庭》。 • The place where Macbeth met the witches was a desolate heath.麦克白遇见女巫的地方是意片荒原。 • He has reached the point where a change is needed.(where的先行词point是一个表示地点的抽象名词) • 3)why在从句中用作原因定语，其先行词只有reason。如： • That is no reason why you leave. • He refused to disclose the reason why he did it.

  28. Module 1 The human body • 特别说明：a）since，after，before也可以做表示时间的关系副词。如： • Every hour since I came has been most enjoyable.我来之后的每一个小时都是很好玩的。 • On the day before we left home there came a sowstorm.在我们离开家的前一天，下了一场暴风雪。 • The year after she had finished collge she spent abroad.她大学毕业后的一年是在国外度过的。 • C)定语从句的分类：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和描述性定语从句。 • 1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，对它有限制作业，因此不可缺少，否则会影响全句的意义。限定性定语从句前一般不用逗号。 • 2)描述性定语从句：又称为非限定性定语从句，它只与先行词有一种松散的的修饰关系，在口语中用停顿的方法表示，在书面语中用逗号隔开，因此从句中的关系代词不能省略。that一般不能引导描述性定语从句。描述性定语从句从形式是从句，从功能上相当于一个分句；而从含以上相当于一个状语从句。

  29. Module 1 The human body • ’How can that be?’said Simon.'I don't even get a chance to speak to them'.意思是（ ），注意get a chance to do sth 找到一个机会做某事情 • ‘Communicating is mare than speaking and listening.Your body language is important, too.'意思是（ ），句中more than...意思是“超出...的”，引申为“不仅仅”。 • 'Body language?' • 'It's the way you stand and sit.It's your gesture and the expression on your face and in your eyes.Your whole appearance communicates things.The way you look at people doesn't give them a good impression,Simen.You often rest your head on your hand.You look downwards.You never smile.You don't turn your head or body towards people.Look at Debbie. She is holding her head up.She looks at people's eyes.She smiles. Your body language is telling people to go away.Debbie's body language is making them feel welcome.That's why they go to her for assistance,and not to you.'意思是（ ），这段中，我们要注意以下几个要点：the way you stand and sit on one's face in one's eyeslooki at give sb a good impressionrest your head on your handhold sth uptell sb to do sthgo awaymake sb do sth. 11.for assistance=for help • After that,Simon decided to improve his body langguage.意思是（ ) 注意decided to do sth 的用法，意思是 决定做某事..., • He sat up and smiled at people.意思是（ ），注意sit up和smile at的用法。 • This seemed to work.意思是 这似乎起了作用。注意seem to be work的用法和含义。 • Minutes later,a very beautiful girl entered.She looked at Debbie and then Simon.Without hesitation she went to Simon and give him a big smile.A few moments later,she left,still smiling.意思是（ ），注意Without hesitation的意思是毫不迟疑的意思，give sb sth给某人某事。a few 几，少数。 • Mr Young came over at once and remarked'’You made a good impression on her.’意思是（ ），注意made a good impression on sb.=leave a good/bad imprssion on sb给某人留下好/坏的印象 • ’That was my sister,’said Simon.'She wanted me to remind me that tomorrrow is her bithday.‘

  30. Module 1 The human body • 这个句子的意思是（ ），本句中请注意这几个词组的用法：want sb to do sthremind的用法：remind sh+that 从句；remind sb of /about doing sth.,remind sb to do sth. • 知识拓展：表语从句 • 在That's why they go to her for assistance,and not to you.这句话中，why they go to her for assistance是一个表语从句，那么什么是表语从句呢？ • 简单地说，用作表语的从句就叫做表语从句（Predictive clause)。引导表语从句的关联词有疑问代词，疑问副词，缩合连接代词，从属连词等。如： • a)The problem is who we can get to replace her.(疑问代词who） • b)The question is how he did it(疑问副词how） • c）That was what he did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是今天早晨他上阁楼干的（缩合连接代词what） • d）He looked just as he had looked 10 years before.(关联代词as) • e)The trouble is that I have lost his address.(从属连词that) • f)The question is whether they will be able to help us.(从属连词whether) • g)All this was over 20 years ago,but it's as if it was only yesterday.(从属连词as if,if一般不用来引导表语从句) • 练习 Reading部分： • A What do you know about...? • ........

  31. Module 1 The human body • B Skiming ..... • C Key Words • C1 Find the words in the story that have meanings simmilar to these.Write the words in the blanks. • 1 to like someone better than someone else ___________ • 2 to show or tell one's thoughts or feelings to others ________ • 3 the way somebody or something looks ___________ • 4 the look on one's face ___________ • 5 the help one gives to others ___________ • C2 Complete the dialogue below using the words in box

  32. Module 1 The human body Jim: I am worried about my speed in the English Contest tomorrow.I always have trouble making a good ______ in front of others. Anne: You show too much _______ when you speak. Jim: Really? Anne: Yes,other people often ______ about that. Jim: What can I do? Anne: Well,I can ____ you to speed up during speech. Jim: How? Anne: I can make ______ to you.

  33. Module 1 The human body D Read and Think D1 Put the events of the story in the correct order by writing 1 to 8 in the blanks. a Mr young said that the body language is important. ______ b The lady walked over to Debbie instead of Simon. ______ c Simon began to sit up and smile. ______ d A well-dressed lady entered the travel agency. ______ e Mr Young said that Debbie made others feel welcome. ______ f Simon's sister reminded him of her birthday. ______ g Simon walked over to the fax machine. ______ h Mr Young said that Simon looked downwards. ______

  34. Module 1 The human body D2 Answer the following questions in complete sentenses using the information in the story. 1 Why did Simon not look happy? 2 What are the three aspects of communicating? 3 Why do people prefer to talk to Debbie? 4 Why do people not go to Simon assistane? 5 What happened after Simon decided to sit up and smile at people? 6 Who was the girl that walked over to Simon? Strategy identifying the speaker

  35. Module 1 The human body Skill A Listening: Identifying descriptive words .... B Speaking: Describing people B1... B2...

  36. Module 1 The human body • B3 In groups, one person will describe another student in the class,but not mention the person's name.The other students should ask questions and guess who the person is. • For examples， • S1：He is tall and thin.He has short hair • S2: How old is he? • S1: He is 15. • S3: Does he have black hair? • S1: Yes • S4:Is it Robert? • S1: Yes,you're right.

  37. Module 1 The human body • You can use questions like these:

  38. Module 1 The human body C Writing: Short messages 注意reminder 和 invitation的书写格式。 More Reading New Words and Exprssions eye contact the communication made when two pepple look at each other in the eye (目光接触，眼神交流） 例句：Eye contact is a form of communication which can mean dufferent things in diferent cultures.Read this article abou eye contact on a website. sigal to be a sign of （此处是动词，表示） hostility unfriendly feeling (敌意） boredom the state of being not interest(无聊） confusion the feeling of not understanding clearly (困惑） 例句：Eye contact can signal frendliness or hostility,interest or boredom,and understanding or confusoin.

  39. Module 1 The human body maintain to keep (保持） 例句：In western cultules, maintaining eye contact in conversations is necessary. consider to think of ; to judge （认为） lack the state of not having enough (缺少） 例句：As a mater of fact,a westerner might consider a lack of eye contact as a lack of interest. last to continue for a period of time(持续，延续） 例句：In Spain,Italy and Greece,where people stand close together talking to each other,eye contact is more frequently and lasts longer. avoidto keep awy from,not try to do sth (避免） respect admiration (尊敬） 例句：In many Asian cultures ,avoiding eye contact shows respect.

  40. Module 1 The human body authority n. power or right to give ohers to others (权利） in authority in a position tith power over aothers (掌权的） 例句：Avoiding eye contact is done when talking with anyone in authority or with anyone older. concentration n. thinking deeply about something(专心，专注） 例句：An Asian might close his eye in concentration or look down while listening to the speaker. subtle adj,(of a small thing that is) dificult to describe or see (微妙的） 例句：Eye contact is a subtle thing. stare v.to look at (somebody or somthing) for a long period of time (盯着看；凝视）常与at连用 rude adj.impolite;not nice(粗鲁的） 例句：Avoiding eye contact might be considered impolite,but staring at others is also considered rude and should be avoided..

  41. Module 1 The human body A Eye Contact 学习要点 1.Throughout the history of mankind,people have communicated with body languge.意思是..., 本句中，注意thoughout... have communicated with (somebody or something) 2.In many situations,the way you say something is far more important than what you say.意思是... 本句中，注意in many situations, far more +adj+ than +what 从句 3.Eye contact is sometimes the key to communication. 本句中，注意sometimes的用法，固定搭配the key to... 4.It can signal friendliness or hostility,interest or boredom,and understanding or confusion.意思是.... 本句中主语： a) signal是个动词，当然signal也是个名词 意思是“信号” b)反义词： friendliness——hostility，interest——boredom，understanding——confusion

  42. Module 1 The human body 5.In western cultures,maintaining eye contact in conversations is necessary.意思是..., 本句中，注意maintaining eye contact .... is ...是一个现在分词作主语的例子，in conversations 介词短语做eye contact 的的定语。 6.As a matter of fact,a westerner might consider a lack of eye contact as a lack of interest.意思是... 本句中，注意: a)as a matter of fact = in fact b)consider something as something c)a lack of 7.In Spain,Italy and Greece,where people stand close together talking to each other, eye contact is frequent and lasts longer.意思是...... 本句中，注意： a）,where people stand close together talking to each other, 是一个where引导的描述性定语从句，修饰前面是Spain,Italy and Greece这三个国家，起着补充说明的作用.talking to each other做定语修饰people。 b）talk to .... c) each other... d) 注意frequent是个形容词，其副词形式是frequently，意思是经常的（地）。 e）last是个动词，非及物动词，不能直接带宾语；longer是个副词修饰last号” 8.In many Asian cultures,avoiding eye contact shows respect.意思是.... 本句中，avoiding eye contact 分词形式 做主语。

  43. Module 1 The human body 9.It is done when talking with anyone in authority or with anyone older.意思是..., 本句中，注意: a) talk with 的用法 b）anyone.是个特殊的代词，修饰它的词可以是形容词如older，也可以是介词短语如in authority，但是必须放在anyone的后面。 c) when talking....是when+分词,是表示时间的状语。 10. Habits like this can cause problems when people do not understand them.意思是...本句中，注意： a) habits like this中的like是一个介词，like this介词短语，修饰habits是定语。 b)when people...是一个状语从句，修饰整个句子。 10.For instance,an Asian might close his eyes in concentration or look down while listening to a speaker.意思是....本句中，注意： a）for instance=for example,举例说明，例如。 b）in concentration... c) look down... d) while listening...(while doing....) 11.A western speaker might think the man is not interested.意思是.... 本句中，注意： a)the man is not interested是think的宾语从句

  44. Module 1 The human body 12.Eye contact is subtle thing.Avoiding eye contact might be considered impolite,but staring at others is also considered rude and should be avoided.意思是...本句中，注意： a) something is considered + adj,某事被认为是... b) should be avoided 省略了主语It，it指的是and前面的那句话Avoiding. B Check-up B1 Find the words in the article,read their text and match them with the meanings on the right.Write the correct letter in the blanks.

  45. Module 1 The human body B2 Use the information from the article to answer the following questions. 1 Why is eye contact sometimes the key to communicatio? 2 Is eye contact important in Western cultures?Why or why not? 3 In which countries is eye contact more frequent between speakers? 4 What kind of eye contact is consider not polte? B3 Discuss and answer the following questions with your classmates. 1 What kind of eye contact can signal friendliness?Hostility?Interest?Boredom? 2 Do you believe avoiding eye contact show real respect?Why or Why not? 3 Which is better,making eye contact or avoiding eye contac?Why or Why not?

  46. Module 1 The human body 知识拓展：状语从句 在本文中Habits like this can cause problems when people do not understand them. when引导的是一个时间状语从句，那么什么是状语从句呢？它又有什么作用呢？... 用作状语的从句叫状语从句（Adverbial Clause）。状语从句用于修饰句子的谓语，在句子里的位置比较灵活，可以置于句首，也可以置于句末。 状语从句根据其用途可以分为：时间状语从句’地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句九种。 引导状语从句的关联词是某些从属连词。 1.时间状语从句（Adverbial Clause of Time)：表示时间，其关系连词有as,after,before,once,since,till,untill,when,whenever,while,as long as,as soon as, now(that)等。 例句： a)As the twilight was beginning to fade,we heard the sound of a carriage.当曙光开始消退时，我们听到了一架马车的声音。 b）Soon after Alice returned,the child vomited.Alice回来不久，孩子就呕吐了。注意soon after 常常连用，意思是在...之后不久。 c）Sometimes it gets out before I can stop it.有时候我止不住，它就出来了。 d） Once you've finished,go to bed! once的意思是:一旦...就.... e） Since I was a child I have lived in England. 我从小就住在英格兰了。since意思是：从...开始

  47. Module 1 The human body f)Wait till you are called. 等着叫你吧。till意思是：直到...止 g)When she alighted from the tain there was nearly a full moon.当她下火车时，月儿快圆了。 h）While I was saying goodbye to the rest of the guests Isabel took Sophie aside.我正在送其他客人时，伊莎贝拉把索菲拉到一边。While的意思是：当...的时候。 i) Now that you've come you as well stay.既然你来了，就 呆下了吧。now that常常连用，意思是既然...; as well.. 也... j) You can borrow it as long as you are not careless with it.你可以借去用，只要你不乱用就行。 as long as... 只要... k) As soon as I went in,Katherine cried out with pleasure.我一走进去，凯瑟琳就高兴地叫起来。 as，when,while虽然都表示时间，但是有区别的。as多用于口语，强调"同一时间"或者"一先一后" l)As I was going out,it began to rain.当我出门时，开始下雨了。（as强调两个动作紧接着发生，不强点开始下雨的特地时间，故需要用as而不用when） as有时还有“随着”的意思。如： m) As spring warms the good earth,all flowers begin to bloom.随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。(句中as不可以用when) when则强调“特定时间”。如： n）When he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell ring.(as 也可以指特定时间，在意义上二者可以互换，故本句中when可以用as代替）

  48. Module 1 The human body While也表同一时间，其所表示的时间不是一个点，而是一段。如上句中的when改为while，则强调“他吃早餐”的过程。 一些表示时间的副词或者短语亦可以引导状语从句。如： o)Directly he was out sight of her he wanted to see her.他一看不到她就想见她。（副词directly引导状语从句，directly=as soon as） p）I didn't wait a moment,but came immediately you called.我一刻也没有等，你的电话一来我就来了。（immediately=as soon as) q)The day you returned home,his father was already dead.他回家的那一天，他的父亲已经死了。（the day 引导从句) r)Next time you come,please bring your composition.你下次来，请把作文带来。（next time引导从句) s)Every time I listen to your advce,I get into trouble.(每次我按照你的意见办事，总是出麻烦。（every time引导从句） 特别注意： 时间状语从句中有些成分是可以省略的！如： t)While flying over the Channel,the pilot saw what he thougt to be a meteorite.当这位飞行员飞过英吉利海峡时，他看见了他认为是的一颗陨星。

  49. Module 1 The human body u)Mteals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属热胀冷缩。（两个when之后省去了they are) v）Complete yourwork as soon as possible.要把你的工作尽快完成。（as soon as后面省去了it is） 2）地点状语从句（adverbial clause of place）：表示地点，其关联词有where,wherever,anywhere,evrywhere等。如： w)Corn flourishes best where the ground is rich.谷物在土地肥沃的地方生长的很好。 x)You are able to go wherever you like.你喜欢去哪里就可以去哪里。 y）He would live with his grandmother anywhere she lived.不管祖母住在哪儿，他都愿意和她住在一块儿。 z）Everywhere they appeared there were ovations.不管他们出现在哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。 特别注意： 地点状语从句中有些成分是可以省略的！如： aa)Put in articles where necessary in the following passages.(where 后面省去了they are) ab)Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible.这种结构随处都要避免。(wherever后省略了it is）

  50. Module 1 The human body 3)原因状语从句(adverbial clause of cause):表示原因或者理由，其关联词有because,as,since等。 ac)Lanny was worried because he hadn't had any letter from Kurt.兰尼很着急，因为他一直未收到库尔特的信。 ad)We were up early the next morning,as we wanted to be in Oxford by the afternoon.第二天早晨我们起的很早，因为我们要不迟于下午到达牛津。 ae)Since we've no money,we can't buy it.因为我们没有钱，我们不能买它。 becuse,as,since均表示“因为”、“由于”的意思。because的语气最重，用以回答why，可以表示已知或者未知的事实。它可以与强调词only，just以及否定词not连用。例如： af）You shouldn't get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不应该仅仅因为别人说了你的坏话就发怒。 because引导的从句通常置于句子之后，只有表示强调时才放在句首。 ag）Because they made more money than I do,they think they are so superior.因为他们挣钱比我多，他们就自认为高人一等。 because引导的从句还可以用于强调句型： ah）It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I went to town yesterday.昨天是由于我要见我的叔叔才进城的。 as语气较弱，比较口语话，所表示的原因比较明显，或者是已知的事实，故不需要强调。as引导的从句前不加强调词或者否定词not，亦不用于强调句中，as引导的从句多置于主句之首。 ai)As all seats were full he stood up.由于所以的座位都满了，他只好站着。

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