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Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems. Chapter 8. Soil. Soil texture and proportions Loam: 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay Affects fertility and workability Soil profiles and different horizons O horizon A horizon E horizon B horizon C horizon Different Classes of Soil.

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Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems

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  1. Soil: Foundation for Land Ecosystems Chapter 8

  2. Soil • Soil texture and proportions • Loam: 40% sand, 40% silt, 20% clay • Affects fertility and workability • Soil profiles and different horizons • O horizon • A horizon • E horizon • B horizon • C horizon • Different Classes of Soil

  3. Plants and Optimal Growth • Enough mineral nutrients, oxygen and water • pH and salinity important • Use of fertilizers • Water-holding capacity • Contribution to soil enrichment by: • Detritus • Soil organisms • Humus • Top soil

  4. Degradation • Erosion • Desertification • Formation and expansion of degraded soils and vegetation in seasonally dry areas • Causes • Overcultivation • Countour strip cropping • Overgrazing • Deforestation • Irrigation • Salinization

  5. Conservation • Individual Land owner vs. Public Policy • Public Policy • Subsidies • Farm Bills • Individual Land Owner • Education • Sustainability

  6. Homework • #3 and #4 in Thinking Environmentally pg. 217 • Read introduction Chapter 9 pg 219-221 • Read ethics pg 234 • Read Global Perspective pg 236 • Read section 9.3 and 9.4

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