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World War Two, 1941-1945

World War Two, 1941-1945. Main Points. Causes of War U.S. Entry into Conflict Impact on Society, Economy, Politics Main Events End of the War. An Unstable World. Global Depression New Countries in Europe (Inter)National Debt U.S., Japan, German Expansion No International Organizations.

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World War Two, 1941-1945

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  1. World War Two, 1941-1945

  2. Main Points • Causes of War • U.S. Entry into Conflict • Impact on Society, Economy, Politics • Main Events • End of the War

  3. An Unstable World • Global Depression • New Countries in Europe • (Inter)National Debt • U.S., Japan, German Expansion • No International Organizations

  4. Germany and the U.S. • Hitler elected leader of Germany • Expansion into Rhine River, FR-G Border • U.S. Neutrality • Italy into Ethiopia 1935 • 1937: Italy, Germany & Japan signed Anti-Comintern Act, against Russia

  5. German Expansion • 1938 Nazis entered Austria • Sacrificed Czechoslovakia for “Peace” with Hitler • 1939 total invasion of Czech • 1939 G-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact • 1939 G-invaded Poland • BR & FR declare war

  6. U.S. Response • Slow and contradictory • 1941 Lend-Lease to allies • Military modernization • Awareness of German expansion • American embargo and quarantine of Japan in Pacific • December 7, 1941: Pearl Harbor

  7. Burning Ships in Pearl Harbor

  8. A Global War • European Theater • Pacific Theater • War in Mediterranean, North Africa • All of British possessions in India and Australia • Total War for U.S. • Fear of invasion

  9. Yellow = AlliesPink = AxisOrange = Axis controlledCream = Neutral

  10. A Total War • War Mobilization • Federal Control of the Economy • Westward Shift of people and industry • Sacrifice and Patriotism • Millions of men to war

  11. Building Support for War • Office of War Information • War as fight for American Way of Life, freedom • Censorship • Only positive images • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A4o0kVX7iNc&feature=related

  12. War Propaganda

  13. Masculinity and War

  14. Women in Industries • Industries vacated by soldiers • Single & Married • 45% of workers in shipbuilding • Women’s “duty” to work on the “home front” while men were “away” fighting • High wages, freedom, enjoyment, personal pride

  15. Rosie the Riveter

  16. Women in the War • 140,000 in WACS • 100,000 in Navy WAVES • Challenge to gender roles and norms • Women’s freedom and independence

  17. Gendered Propaganda

  18. Women = Home = Homefront

  19. African Americans • Segregated Units • 125,000 into San Francisco & Oakland • Housing & school shortages • Segregation in schools increased

  20. German Expansionism • Two fronts • Western Europe & France • Russia • Blitzkrieg and massive industrial output • Air Raid on England • Control of Northern Africa through Italy

  21. Allied Successes • Battle of Coral Sea, May 1942 • Pacific Success • Battle of Midway, June 1942 • Overturned J- Supremacy • Battle of El Alamien, Fall 1942 • Northern Africa • Operation Torch, May 1943 • Eisenhower’s invasion

  22. Hitler Weakens • Turned east and tried to invade Russia • Stalled for months, winter hit, millions died • August 1942-February 1943 • Hitler pulled out of Russia and lost momentum in war

  23. The End is Near • Operation Overlord, Summer 1944 • Second Western front • Landed in France • Beaches of Normandy • D-Day, June 6, 1944 • 2 million participated • Liberated Paris

  24. D-Day June 6, 1944

  25. End of the War • Germany Surrounded • Island Hopping in Pacific • February 1945: Yalta Conference (UKR) • Britain: Churchill • Russia: Stalin • US: Roosevelt

  26. Race and the War • Home front • Segregated Units • A. Philip Randolph • Fair Employment Practices Commission

  27. Zoot-Suit Riots • 1940s LA • Death of a Mex. Am youth • Police arrested, convicted several for murder • Anti-Mexican riots • Stripped “zoot-suiters”

  28. Japanese/American Internment • Executive Order 9066on February 19, 1942 • 110,000 relocated to “War Relocation Camps” • 150,000 in Hawaii • 1944 US Supreme Court supported it • Over half were US citizens • $1.6 billion in reparations

  29. Bracero Program • 1942-1964 • 1 yr contracts paid • Over 4 million • Some $ kept by gov’t • Racism and economic exclusion

  30. . Holocaust

  31. Holocaust • Over six Million killed in gas chambers & concentration camps • “Final Solution” • U.S. State Department had information • Anti-Semitism in U.S

  32. End of the War • Roosevelt Died • Poland Sacrificed to Stalin • Atomic Testing • “Manhattan Project” • $2 billion = $20 billion today • Trinity Test Site, NM

  33. Post-War Situation • Japan • Truman agreed to dropping two Atomic Bombs • Hiroshima & Nagasaki, 1945 • Nearly 120,000 died immediately • USSR • Roughly 25-35 million dead • Fear of Germany • Suspicion of the U.S. • Control over eastern Europe

  34. Continued • World Economy • International Monetary Fund • Investment, loans, economic growth • World Politics • United Nations • Security Council • Member nations • Debate, conflict resolution

  35. Significance • Ended the Great Depression • Migration to the American West • New economic opportunities for Women and People of Color • Brief unity and ongoing racism • Defeat of Nazis and crippled Germany • Destroyed Europe • U.S. and Soviet Union became superpowers

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