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Motor Disorders Hubert Kairuki Memorial University Department of Behaviour Science Group 14 presentation 16 th June2016. Group members. Name. Slide(s)to present. ~ 1 - 6 ~ 7 & 8 ~ 9 & 10 ~ 11 ~ 12 & 13 ~ 14 & 15 ~ 16 & 17 ~ 18 & 19 ~ 20 - 23.

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Group members

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  1. Motor DisordersHubert Kairuki Memorial UniversityDepartment of Behaviour ScienceGroup 14 presentation16th June2016

  2. Group members Name Slide(s)to present ~1-6 ~7&8 ~9&10 ~11 ~12&13 ~14&15 ~16&17 ~18&19 ~20-23 01.Swaibu Nuhu 02.Maryam Khamis Omary 03.Ebenezer Gasper Mtui 04.Chriss Sebastian Lalika 05.Aiman Mahfoudh Haji 06.Wanjiru Joram Karanja 07.Mary Nikanor Nyafanga 08.Getrude Simon Mgaya 09.Sadiki Said Naftal Motor Disorders

  3. Objectives At the end of this presentation,every one should understand • Subjective motor disorders • Classification of motor disorders • Disorders of adoptive movement • Disorders of non adoptive movement • Motor speech disturbances • Disorders of posture • Abnormal complex patterns of behaviour • Movement disorders associated with antipsychotic medication Motor Disorders

  4. Outline • Definition of terms • Introduction • Main discussion • Summary • Conclusion • Recommendation • References Motor Disorders

  5. Definition of terms • Motor disorders are disorders of nervous system that cause abnormal and involuntary movement. • Psychiatry is the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis,prevention,study and treatment of mental disorders • Echolalia is the repetition of speech(vocalization made by another person) • Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behaviour and failure to understand reality. • Catalepsy is a nervous condition characterized by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli as well as decreased sensitivity to pain. Motor Disorders

  6. Introduction • Psychiatry illness may be associated with objective or subjective motor disorders • Subjective motor disorders Normally humans experience their actions as being their own and as being under their own control although this sense of personal control is never in consciousness, except when a particular effort is made to overcome the effects of fatigue or toxic substances Motor Disorders

  7. 1.Disorders of adoptive movement (a)Disorders of expressive movement • Expressive movement generally involve the face,arm,hands and the upper trunk.The extent of expressive movement varies with the emotions, but the range of emotional expression is very different in different or same culture. • Some individuals with depression may weep more frequently than usual where as those who are deeply depressed may feel unable to weep. • In severe depression,there may be generalized psychomotor retardation. Motor Disorders

  8. (b)Disorders of reactive movement • Reactive movements are immediate automatic adjustments to new stimuli. • These movements give rise to a general impression of alertness and adaptation to the environment so that when they are diminished or lost the patient appears to be stiff and unresponsive in a way that is difficult to describe or designated. • Neurological disorders including parkinsonism. (c)Disorders of goal-directed movement. • Normal voluntary movement are carried out smoothly without any sense of effort with the part of the individuals Motor Disorders

  9. 2.Disorders of non-adaptive movement (a)Spontaneous movements • Is a movement result from an impulse that occur without thought(involuntary) • It occurs when the individual is frastrated or is uncertain about their choice of behaviour pattern. Classification of spontaneous movement (i)Tics-is sudden involuntary twitching of small groups of muscles or a sudden,non rhythmic motor movement.Eg.clearing of throat,distortions of the fore head,nose or mouth. Motor Disorders

  10. Motor tics demonstration. (ii)Static tremor Irregular contraction muscle at rest. Occurs in hands,head and upper trunk. Occurs in very anxious or frightened individual. Associated with cerebral disorders. Motor Disorders

  11. (b)Abnormal induced movements • Some abnormal induced movements can be regarded as the result of undue compliance on the part of the patient,while others may be interpreted as indicating rejection of the environment. • In automatic obedience,the patient carries out every instruction regardless of the quensequence. • Echopractic patient imitate simple actions that they see, such as hand-dapping,snapping the fingers. • In echolalia,the patient echoes a part or the whole of what has been said to them. Motor Disorders

  12. 3.Motor speech disturbance in mental disorders (a)Attitude to conversation.The patient can.. -Escape the conversation. -Experience difficulties to concentrate.eg.schizophrenia -Whisper or speak halucinatory voice. -Have no facial expression and become wordless. -Have blank face and reply with sensible or not sensible. (b)Flow of speech.The patients can speak -fluently and rapidly. i.e mania -In length and aggressive speech.eg. Harangue. -unsual strangled voice and never above whisper. Motor Disorders

  13. (c)Mannerism and verbal stereotypies. -Verbal stereotypies are words or phases that are repeated.This repetition can take even one hour.Example, Kraepelins patient. (d)Perseveration. -Is a state of difficulties of speaking and still want to continue to speak. -This make a patient not to solve their problems since they cannot express themselves. (e)Echolalia. -a disorder of which patients cannot communicate due to having of echoes or using the echoes to answer the questions asked (echologia) Motor Disorders

  14. 4.Disorders of posture • Abnormal posture may be due to attention seeking behaviours. • It may also be due to nervous habits in adolescence or over-anxious individuals. • A manneristic posture is an old stilted posture that is an exaggeration of normal posture and not rigidity preserved while stereotyped is abnormal and non adaptive posture that rigidly maintained. • It is difficult to decide whether a particular posture is manneristic or stereotyped.Stereotyped posture is ditected in catatonic patients in the so called psychological pillow. Motor Disorders

  15. Disorder of posture… Motor Disorders

  16. 5.Abnormal complex pattern of behaviour (a)Non goal- directed abnormal patterns of behaviour. • It has divided in to two (i)Stupor - is a state of more or less complete loss of activity where there is no reaction to external stimuli. -It can be regarded as an extreme form of hypokinesia. -It has divided intocatatonicand depressive stupor. Motor Disorders

  17. (ii)Excitement -It appears to be the opposite of stupor -It often occurs in the same mental illness. -Is excessive responsiveness to stimuli,particularly of an emotional nature and often leading to impulsive activity. -It can be caused by schizophrenia. -However some excitements Motor Disorders

  18. (b)Goal directed abnormal pattern of behaviour • Abnormal pattern of this type occur in nearly all psychiatric syndrome reflect essential absence of normal movement,cognition and emotional states. • This negative symptoms might reflect fundamental impairments in basic brain mechanisms that underlie goal directed behaviour. Motor Disorders

  19. 6.Movent disorder associated with antipsychotic medication • Antipsychotic medication associated with range of movement disorders including mostly notably extrapyramidal side effects. • Atathisia-restlessness inability to keep still • Chronic akathisia,acute dystonia involuntary sustained muscle contraction. • Tardive dystonia,acute and tardive dysknesia repetitive purposeless movement usually of mouth,tongue and facial. Motor Disorders

  20. Summary • Motor disorders are disorders of nervous system that cause abnormal and involuntary movements.they can result from damage to the motor system involving neurologic syndromes in which either an excess or movement or a paucity of voluntary and automatic movements,unrelated to weakness or spasticity. Motor Disorders

  21. Conclusion • As medical personel it is important to emphasize that one size does not fit at all,when designing a therapeutic intervention for people with motor disorders and it is also important to understand many intervention are offered and very few have been rigorously tested and been proven to be effective. Motor Disorders

  22. Recommandation • Treatment varies by disorders.Other get better when an underlying disease is treated.Often,however there is no cure.In that case,the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms and relieve pain. • Treatment may include medication,botilinum toxin injection therapy(botox therapy),and or surgery. Motor Disorders

  23. References • Fishe’s Clinical Psychopathology. • Oxford english dictionary(11th edition) • www.wikipedia.com • www.healthforum.com Motor Disorders

  24. Motor Disorders

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