Prefixes and Suffixes

1. Prefixes and Suffixes Let Us see use of Prefixes and suffixes

2. Tri Trimester (Three part of year) Trigonometry Triad Tripod (Tipay ) Trident (Trishul ) Trinity (Tridev )

3. Quad Quadrant (Fourth part of circle ) Quadratic Quadrangle

4. Penta- Five • Hexa - Six • Septa - Seven • Octa - Eight • Nena - Nine • Deca -- ten • Cento -- Hundred

5. Prefixes • A prefix comes at the beginning of a word. It adds something to the meaning. • Here are some common prefixes. • re (= again): • rewrite a letter, • re-enter a room, • remarry

6. semi (= half): • semi-skilled workers, • a semi-conscious state

7. mono (= one): • monorail, • monologue • monolingual, • Monogamy • Monotone • Monopoly

8. multi (= many): • multinational company, • multi-storey car park • Multi-million • Multi-meter

9. super (= big/more): • a superstore • a superhuman effort • a supersonic aircraft

10. sub (= under/less): • subnormal intelligence • sub-zero temperatures

11. mini (= small): • a minibus • a miniskirt • a minicomputer

12. pre (= before): • Pre-war years • prehistoric times • Pre-science • Pre-school

13. post (= after): • post-dated cheque • the post- war period

14. ex (= previously): • ex- wife • ex-Director • Ex-friend • Ex-army man • Ex-student

15. inter (= between): • inter-city trains • international phone call • Inter-branch advise • Intermediate • Inter-school

16. trans (= across): • a transatlantic flight, • a heart transplant operation

17. over (= too much): • overcrowded, • ill from overwork, • an overgrown garden, • overweight

18. under (= too little): • undercooked food • an understaffed office • underpaid

19. out (= more/better): • outnumber the opposition, • outplayed their opponents, • outlived both her children

20. co (= together): • co-exist • a co-production • my co-driver • Co-operative society

21. pro (= in favour of): • pro-government forces • pro-European policies

22. anti (= against): • anti-nuclear protestors • anti-aircraft guns • Anti-tank missiles • Anti-corruption beaureau.

23. mis (= badly/wrongly): • Misuse • Misbehave • Misgovern • miscount • misunderstanding

24. There are some negative prefixes used to express an opposite. un: • Unhappy • Unfair • Unofficial • Unemployed • unplug a machine • unpack a suitcase

25. This is the most common way of expressing an opposite. in: • Inexact • Independent • Indirect • Inexpert • an injustice

26. We do not use in before l, m, p or r. We use il, im and ir instead. • illegal, • Illogical • Immobile • Immoral • Impossible • Impatient • Irrelevant • irresponsible

27. dis: • Dishonest • Disunited • Disagree • Disappear • Dislike • Disadvantage

28. non: • non-alcoholic drinks • a non-stop flight • a non-smoker • Non-corrupt • Non-use • Non-vegetarian

29. de: • defrost a fridge • the depopulation of the countryside • the decentralization of government

30. Suffixes • change in the vowel Verb + ment: • Payment • Movement • Government • Arrangement • Development

31. Verb + ion/tion/ation/ition: • correct correction • discuss discussion • produce production • inform information • invite invitation • add addition, • repeat repetition

32. Verb with d/t sion: • decide decision • permit permission

33. Verb + ance/ence: • Perform Performance • Accept Acceptance • Exist Existence • Prefer Preference

34. Adjective in entence: • silent silence • Absent absence • intelligent intelligence • Independent independence • Violent violence

35. Adjective + ty / ity: • Certain certainty • Royal royalty • Stupid stupidity • Nation nationality • Secure security

36. Adjective + ness • Happy happiness • ill illness • Fresh freshness • Forgetful forgetfulness • Blind blindness

37. Verb + ing: • Build building • Feel feeling

38. a Verb + er/or: • Walk walker • Own owner • Build builder • Drive driver • Edit editor

39. We also use er in nouns for things, especially machines, e.g. • Compute computer • Mix mixer.

40. We can use ism to form an abstract noun, e.g. • Journal journalism • National nationalism

41. Noun/Verb/Adjective + ist: • Journal journalist • motor motorist • Nation nationalist • Tour tourist

42. Noun + an/ian: • Republican • Electrician • Historian • Musician

43. Verb + ant/ent: • Applicant • Assistant • Inhabitant • Servant • Student

44. Most nouns for people can mean either males or females, so • Friends • Students • doctors • Motorists etc include both sexes.

45. If we need to say which sex, we say e.g. • her boy-friend, • female students • women doctors.

46. Some words to do with family relationships are different • Father /mother • Brother / Sister • Uncle / Aunt • Nephew / niece • Husband / wife

47. difference between male/female with • waiter/waitress • Actor / actress • Host / hostess • Steward / stewardess • Prince / princess • Manager / Manageress

48. Prefixes and meanings • ante-/anti before / against • hyper-/hypo more than / less than normal • inter-/intra between / within • Ful /less With / without

49. ance,-ant/-ence,-ent • Words with these endings are difficult to spell and you’ll always need to be on your guard with them. Check each word individually when in doubt, but here are some useful guidelines: • People are generally -ant: attendant, lieutenant, occupant, sergeant, tenant (but there are exceptions like superintendent, president, resident . . . .).

50. Common noun suffixes • -er is used for persons who does that activity. i.e. write-er , work-er , teach-er , shop-per. • -or is used in some of cases , e.g. operate- operator, sail-or, act-or, supervise-supervisor. • -er –or are also used for machines working these things, sharpen – sharpener , bottle – opener , grater , project-or. • -er and –ee makes who is doing and who is being done, employ –employee – employer, Address –addressor – adddressee , pay payer – payee. • (t)ion is used to make nouns from verbs, complication , reduction , pollution , reduction , donation , admission.