DIPLOMA in Ayurvedic Lifestyle and Nutrition 16 th & 17 th February 2019 Module 6

2. DIPLOMA in Ayurvedic Lifestyle and Nutrition 16th& 17th February 2019Module 6

3. THE EXAMINATION OF DISEASE ROGA PARIKSHA

4. The word disease is constituted from two terms: ‘dis’ and ‘ease’ • It conveys the meaning of discomfort or un-wholesomeness in the body

5. “RujathithiRoga” Whatever causes pain or discomfort whether physical or psychological is called disease

6. “DoshadhatuSammucharyRoga” Any dosha or dhatuimbalance is called disease

7. The five therapeutics of disease In the treatment of disease the following aspects require examination: • Nidana(Etiology or cause of a disease) • Purva-Rupa(Premonitory and prodromal signs and symptoms) • Rupa(Actual signs and symptoms) • Upasaya(Therapuetic trials) • Samprapti(Pathogenesis)

8. Nidanaor Aetiology The two meanings of Nidana: • diagnosis of the disease • aetiology of the disease

9. The importance of Nidana in Ayurveda: “As long as the cause of the disease is not identified and prevented, there can be no alleviation of the disease” Mādhava-Nidāna – pp. 9-10 & pp. 30-33 & 39-40

10. The five causative factors of disease • Prajnaparadha (Intellectual blasphemy or misuse of intelligence) • AsatmyendriyarthaSamyoga (Unwholesome contacts of senses with their objects) • Kala Parinama (Seasonal perversions and age) • Karma or Samskara (Causative factors) • Krmi (Germs and parasites)

11. Prajnaparadha(Crime against wisdom or misuse of intelligence) It means: Carrying out an act contrary to the understanding of an awakened consciousness

12. This covers the following misuse of action of the body, mind or speech in three categories: • Ayoga(non-activity or stimuli) • Atiyoga(excessive activity or stimuli) • Mithya yoga (inappropriate activity or stimuli)

13. AsatmyendriyarthaSamyoga(Unwholesome contact of senses with their objects) Asatmya = harmful conjunction between the five senses and their objects leading to disease The harmful conjunction incorporates: • non-conjunction (Ayoga) • excessive conjunction (Atiyoga) and • wrongful conjunction (Mithya yoga).

14. Examples of excessive use of sense objects i.Hearing – Loud sounds, prolonged hearing of high pitched and rough sounds such as roaring, thunder, beating of drums ii.Touch - excessive use or handling of very hot or very cold things; too much bathing or massage iii. Sight - excessive exposure to bright or powerful light iv. Taste – excessive taste of any or all of the six rasas v.Smell - excessive smelling of very strong or pungent or putrid substances

15. Examples of wrongful use of sense objects i. Hearing - hearing of harsh or disagreeable or fearful sounds or mournful news ii. Touch - touching poisonous air, exposure to stormy winds or untimely advent of hot or cold weather or to be struck by anything iii.Sight - to see extremely fine and small objects very near to the eye or at very great distance; or to see loathsome, dreadful or hostile objects; or any distorted vision iv.Taste - to have recourse to only one kind of taste in excess or to exclude one altogether or take very little of one to include in one’s diet; articles of food whose combination is harmful v. Smell - to smell putrid, poisonous, nauseating things

16. Examples of non-use of sense objects This self explanatory and is isolation of the senses from any kind of sound, object to touch whether cold or hot; no sight of any object; no taste of six rasas; and nothing to smell For example: • Travelling on the tube • Solitary confinement including sensory deprivation

17. Parinama(Seasonal perversions and age) • Atiyoga of kala(time)= when a particular season manifests its own characteristic of cold, heat or rains in an excessive degree • Ayoga of kala(time) = when these characteristics are deficient • Mithya yoga of kala (time)= when a season manifests symptoms which are opposite to its particular characteristics

18. Parinama also means: • Certain diseases can affect certain constitutions in different ways • Genetic effect on survival • Diseases caused by ageing eg. Menopause and osteoarthritis

19. Classification of diseaseaccording to pathophysiology

20. Classification of disease according to treatment methods

21. Classification of disease according to causative factors

22. Classification of disease according to causative factors

23. Classification of disease according to causative factors • Adi– bala – Pravrtta(Orginated from any primary inherent cause) • JanamabalaPravrtta(congenital) • Dosa– balaPravrtta(due to deranged body doshas) • Samghata– balaPravrtta(due to extraneous causes) • Kala – bala – Pravrtta(due to climatic and seasonal distemper) • Daiva– balaPravrtta(divine or natural havocs) • Svabhava– bala – Pravrtta(Physiological or natural type)

24. Adi – bala – Pravrtta(Orginated from any primary inherent cause) Caused by defects in: • in the father or • in the mother These are hereditary diseases, eg: Leprosy, asthma, piles

25. JanamabalaPravrtta(congenital) Due to any improper conduct on the part of the mother regarding food or hygiene during the period of gestation: (a) Rasa (improper food) or (b) Lack of mindfulness of the hygienic principles (These diseases can happen in spite of the fact that there is no defect in the germ cells of either parent)

26. Dosha – balaPravrtta(due to deranged body doshas) Occurs due to derangement of any of the doshas due to improper diet, unhealthy habits or one disease secondary to previous one These can be sub-divided as • Bodily (vāta, pitta, kapha) or • Mental (Rajas and Tamas)

27. Samghata – balaPravrtta(due to extraneous causes)  These are diseases caused by external factors in two categories: • an implement or • any ferocious or poisonous animal or allergy

28. Kala – bala – Pravrtta(due to climatic and seasonal distemper) Disease can precipitate due to: • excessive variabilities in climates of season • atmospheric temperature or • Humidity

29. Daiva – balaPravrtta(divine or natural havocs)  Disease can be produced by being in the wrong place at the wrong time: • by lightning • any malignant influence • by association • by accident

30. Svabhava – bala – Pravrtta(Physiological or natural type) Hunger, thirst, old-age, death, sleep etc are considered as natural or physiological diseases

31. Immunity in Carakaand Susruta “Arogya (health in respect of prevention and recovery) depends on balaor body resistance” CarakaCikitsa “Always try to maintain the bala or resistance of a person, if restored, it arrests the progress of the disease” SusrutaCikitsa “In one who has extremely lost the bala, it is not possible to make him free of the diseases” Susruta, Sutra

32. Ojas Ojasis called Vyadhi-ksamitva Vyadhi = disease Ksamitva= decline This can mean: • To arrest the progress of the disease • Prevent the occurrence or • Re-occurrence of the disease

33. Sahaja(natural or innate) Vyadhi-bala-virodhitva= natural immunity, generally of non-specific type, which attempts to defend the body in the first occurrence of any disease • Yuktikrta (acquired) Vyadhutpada-pratibandhakatva= when the natural immunity is experienced in any way ie. vaccination it often succeeds to check the re-occurrence or occurrence of certain diseases

34. Evidence of immunity in CarakaNidana • Natural cure - patients recover without going under any treatment • Acertain inhibiting factor due to which deviations from hygiene rules do not produce a sudden ill effect among the unwholesome or contaminated diet-takers eg food poisoning which doesn’t affect everyone • The significant peculiarities in the form of non-occurrences, poor – manifestations and full manifestations of diseases are dependent on characteristics of aetiological factors, reacting humours and body tissues

35. The twelve seats of ojas • sonita(blood) • mamsa(muscular tissue) • medas(adipose tissues or fat) • asthi(bone tissues) • majja(bone marrow) • sukra(genital secretions) • sukla(some watery secretions of the body) • sweda(sweat) • pitta(gastro-intestinal secretions) • slesman(mucoid secretions) • mutra(urine) • purisa(stool)

36. Factors affecting the Grades of Immunity Immunity is also inherited and greatly influenced by several other factors such as: • diet • environment • mode of living • psychic patterns • growth or development • age • pathological conditions of the individual

37. In Ayurveda factors affecting the immunity have been classified into two groups: • factors that lessen immunity • factors that enhance immunity

38. Lessening factors which lower the defence mechanism of the body • severe infection - bhutopghata • excessive loss of body fluids - ativartnaof kapha, sonita, sukraand mala • wasting - ksaya • physical exertion – srama & vyayama • intoxicating liquors – ruksapana • prolonged awakening – prajagara • mental stress such as anger, anxiety, fear, and grief – kopa, cinta, bhaya & sokainjury, accidental or surgical – abhigata • nutritional disturbances – ksut, anasana, atilanghana, ruksalpaprami – tatsana • season, environment, and age – kala, vatatapa & jara • severe humoral upset ­– dosavega

39. Enhancing factors which enhance the defence mechanism of the body • characteristics of race and generation in which birth has taken place • genetic peculiarity of parents • favourable climate • balanced diet • constitutional characteristics • want of hyper sensitivity • mental peace • outcome of something latent • adolescence • proper exercise • proper stimulation