BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS

1. BLOODBORNEPATHOGENS Oklahoma City Community College Annual Update Training Course

2. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENSOSHA Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) • Provides Requirements Of Employers. • Requires Identifying At-Risk Employees. • Requires Training For At-Risk Employees. • Requires Retraining Within 365 Days. • Requires HBV Vaccination Opportunity. • Requires A Written Exposure Control Plan.

3. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS What Are They? What Do They Mean To You?

4. BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS • Bloodborne: Carried By And Lives In Human Blood (Or Other Body Fluids Or Substances). • Pathogen: A Micro-Organism (Virus, Fungus, Or Bacteria) That Can Cause A Disease.

5. TYPES OF PATHOGENS • Virus: A Parasitic Microscopic Protein Material (DNA Or RNA) Covered By An Envelope Of Lipoprotein. Nonliving. • Bacteria: One-Celled Living Organism. • Fungi: Single And Multi-Celled Plants. • Yeast: One Celled , Oval Shaped Fungus. • Mold: A Growth Of Fungi.

6. ILLNESSES CAUSED • Virus: Measles, Colds, Mumps, Influenza, Polio, Hepatitis A, B, & C, HIV, Meningitis, Herpes, And Others. • Bacteria: Hepatitis, Whooping Cough, Malaria, Tuberculosis, Meningitis, Etc. • Yeasts & Molds: Meningitis & Others

7. HOW PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY • Through Alimentary Canal. • Through Parenteral Openings. • Through Mucous Membranes. • In Mouth, Nose, And Eyes. • By Sexual Contact.

8. SYMPTOMS OF HEPATITIS • Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors. • Flu-like, fatigue, appetite loss; • Colon ulcers and inflammation; • Lung disease, anemia; • Jaundice and/or liver problems; • Fever, acne, and joint pain.

9. Hepatitis A Virus • Cannot be identified from other hepatitis forms without testing. • Acquired primarily through the fecal-oral route. • Can be spread up to 2 weeks before symptoms appear. • Can be stable for up to 18 months. • Heating foods above 180º F. for 1 minute will kill. • A 1:10 solution of household bleach is a good and inexpensive disinfectant. • Practice good hand washing procedures.

10. Hepatitis B Virus • Acute phase occurs shortly after exposure to the virus. • Chronic phase is an infection that lasts longer than 6 months. • About 90-95% of infected people are able to fight off the virus so it never becomes chronic. • Most common serious liver infection in the world • Mainly a disease that affects young adults. • Is a preventable disease.

11. Hepatitis C Virus • Infects approximately 36,0000 persons each year in the U.S. • Spread primarily by exposure to human blood (sharing needles, blood transfusion, etc.). • 70% of HCV carriers will develop chronic liver disease, regardless of whether they have symptoms. • No vaccine yet exist for HCV.

12. Tuberculosis • Bacterial infection of respiratory system. • Transmitted by airborne mist droplets or particles. • Some develop into multi-drug resistant forms. • Healthcare workers & persons working with large numbers of people are most susceptible.

13. Tuberculosis Symptoms • Persistent productive or non-productive cough. • Loss of appetite. • Fatigue, listlessness, malaise. • Fever and night sweats. • Weight loss.

14. TuberculosisTreatment • Suspected victims should be tested. • Caregivers must wear PPE. • Many drugs for treatment. • Very important to follow prescribed treatment to completion!

15. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) • Spread by exchange of human blood or human blood products. • Attacks body’s immune system. • May take years before symptoms appear. • Usually develops into AIDS. • Less contagious than HBV.

16. SYMPTOMS OF HIV • Rapid weight loss. • Dry cough. • Fever and night sweats. • Fatigue. • Swollen lymph glands. • Diarrhea that last for more than a week. • Memory loss, depression and other neurological disorders.

17. PREVENTION TECHNIQUES • HBV Vaccine and Hepatitis B Immune Globulin shot; • Engineering controls. • Work practice controls. • Personal protective equipment. • Universal precautions or body substance isolation.

18. UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS • TREAT ALL HUMAN BLOOD AND OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALS (OPIM) AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF CONTAMINATION AND INFECTION.

19. Universal Precautions Body Fluids • Human blood or products made from human blood. • Saliva in dental procedures. • Semen/vaginal secretions. • Fluids surrounding body organs. • Any fluid containing human blood. • Any unidentifiable body fluid.

20. Body Substance Isolation Fluids • Nasal Secretions. • Sputum. • Sweat Or Tears. • Vomitus. • Feces. • Urine.

21. HBV VACCINE • Employer must provide at-risk employees opportunity to take vaccine. • Employee must take shots OR sign a Declination Form. • Three shots over six months. • 95% effective few after-effects. • HBIG Shot after exposure.

22. ENGINEERING CONTROLS • Any physical device or equipment used or installed to prevent occupational hazard exposure, illness, or injury. • Examples: Gloves, Eye Wash Stations, Sharps Containers, Broom And Dust Pan.

23. WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS • The process and procedures used to assure work is conducted in a safe and healthy manner • Washing hands after wearing gloves, never reuse or recap needles, always wear eye protection. • Never clean up broken glass with hands. • Minimize splashing, spraying of droplets (coughing/sneezing). • No eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, or handling contact lenses where there is risk of contamination. • Wash hands often and in the prescribed manner. • Proper decontamination and sterilization

24. LATEX GLOVES GOWNS APRONS FACE SHIELDS MASKS GOGGLES HARD HATS STEEL TOED BOOTS RUBBER COATS RUBBER BOOTS CPR MICROSHIELD RESPIRATORS SCBA GEAR PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

25. HOUSEKEEPING • Keep work area clean, dry, and uncluttered. • Routinely inspect equipment. • Follow Exposure Control Plan to clean spills or releases. • Keep storage areas free from hazards. • Properly label and handle hazardous materials and hazardous waste.

26. BIOHAZARD WASTE DISPOSAL • Sharps: put nothing but needles, broken glass, knives, scissors, etc in a sharps container. • Sharps container must be leak proof, labeled or color coded, and never fill more than 2/3 full. • Biohazard bags must be florescent red, or if another color, labeled with black symbol on red background. • Treat laundry as waste until washed.

27. POST-EXPOSURE PROCESS • Call emergency response. Report exposure or suspected exposure to Supervisor. • Minimize exposure of others by isolating affected area. • Wear appropriate PPE if providing assistance. • Disinfect yourself immediately. • Clean and disinfect accident area. • Dispose of regulated waste in prescribed manner.

28. REPORT INCIDENT IMMEDIATELY • Fill out the Confidential Needlestick/Sharps Injury or Exposure to Body Fluid Report Form Determine and include the source of blood. • Describe events in as much detail as possible. • Submit report to the Office of Risk Management.

29. POST-EXPOSURE TESTINGOF VICTIM • Requires victim’s approval. • May keep drawn blood for 90 days. • Test results available to employer. • All test records are protected and confidential. • Release requires victim’s written approval.

30. POST-EXPOSUREMEDICAL CARE • If work related must be provided by employer. • Only the victim’s medical records pertaining to the incident may be viewed as part of the follow-up. • Written report due to employer from health professional within 15 Days.

31. CAUTIONS AND REMINDERS • Always wear gloves! • Never touch other’s blood or OPIM unless absolutely necessary! • Do not attempt to help beyond skill or expertise. • Comfort victim and keep still as possible. • If bleeding victim is conscious, let victim control blood flow.

32. QUESTIONS??? • Contact Risk Management/Environmental Health and Safety at 405-682-7857 or email Coordinator at lvaughan@occc.edu.