Fundamentals of Writing

1. Fundamentals of Writing March 20, 2014

3. Today • Summarizing

4. Summary A shortened or condensed version of something - a text, a conversation, an event, etc. The purpose is to share the main ideas. Summaries keep the same tone as the original - They do not contain opinion. No formal conclusion is required.

5. Example http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UpMCQQ-dqac

6. Making a Summary

7. Step 1 Source: www.media-methods.com

8. Making a summary Step 1: Do a quick check of the original passage. • Look at: - title - subtitle(s) (if there are any) - first and last paragraphs - First and last sentences in each paragraph. - anything in bold or italics.

9. Making a summary Step 2: Read the entire passage. • A. Read the whole text once, without stopping. • Do not slow down as you read.

10. Step 2 Source: www.karatebyjesse.com

11. Making a summary Step 2: Read the entire passage. B. Read the text more carefully. You may need to read it several more times (that’s OK). • Mark (underline, circle, etc.) the main pointsand key supporting details.

12. Making a summary Step 3: Re-read the important parts. • Re-read the main points and key supporting details that you marked previously. • Scan for any key points you missed.

13. Step 4 Source: forevergina.blogspot.com

14. Making a summary Step 4: Make notes about the material. • Write the notes on a separate piece of paper. • Concentrate on writing down the main ideas and key supporting points.

15. Making a summary Step 5: Write the summary. • Write the summary from your notes. • Do not look at the original while you are writing. Remember: you want to use your own words.

16. Making a summary Step 6: Check. • Check your summary against the original to make sure you have not changed the meaning nor added your opinion.

17. Making a summary Step 7: Final draft. • Revise and edit. • Write the final draft.

18. Making a summary…summary • 1. Quick check • 2. Read + mark • 3. Re-read • 4. Take notes • 5. Write • 6. Check • 7. Polish & write again

19. The invention of the process of printing from movable type, which occurred in Germany about the middle of the fifteenth century, was destined to exercise a far-reaching influence on all the vernacular languages of Europe. Introduced into England about 1476 by William Caxton, who had learned the art on the continent, printing made such rapid progress that a scant century later it was observed that manuscript books were seldom to be met with and almost never used. Some idea of the rapidity with which the new process swept forward may be had from the fact that in Europe the number of books printed before the year 1500 reached the surprising figure of 35,000. The majority of these, it is true, were in Latin, whereas it is in the modern languages that the effect of the printing press is chiefly felt. But in England over 20,000 titles in English had appeared by 1640, ranging all the way from mere pamphlets to massive folios. The result was to bring books, which had formerly been the expensive luxury of the few, within the reach of all. More important, however, was the fact, so obvious today, that it was possible to reproduce a book in a thousand copies or a hundred thousand, every one exactly like the other. A powerful force thus existed for promoting a standard uniform language, and the means were now available for spreading that language throughout the territory in which it was understood. (Baugh, A History of the English Language)

20. The invention of the process of printing from movable type, which occurred in Germany about the middle of the fifteenth century, was destined to exercise a far-reaching influence on all the vernacular languages of Europe. Introduced into England about 1476 by William Caxton, who had learned the art on the continent, printing made such rapid progress that a scant century later it was observed that manuscript books were seldom to be met with and almost never used. Some idea of the rapidity with which the new process swept forward may be had from the fact that in Europe the number of books printed before the year 1500 reached the surprising figure of 35,000. The majority of these, it is true, were in Latin, whereas it is in the modern languages that the effect of the printing press is chiefly felt. But in England over 20,000 titles in English had appeared by 1640, ranging all the way from mere pamphlets to massive folios. The result was to bring books, which had formerly been the expensive luxury of the few, within the reach of all. More important, however, was the fact, so obvious today, that it was possible to reproduce a book in a thousand copies or a hundred thousand, every one exactly like the other. A powerful force thus existed for promoting a standard uniform language, and the means were now available for spreading that language throughout the territory in which it was understood. (Baugh, A History of the English Language)

21. Printing from movable type, invented in Germany about 1450 and brought to England about 1476, had a far-reaching influence on all European languages. Within a hundred years, manuscript books had become rare. Though at first most printed books were in Latin, over 20,000 titles in English had appeared by 1640. Books were now within the reach of everyone and could exert a powerful standardizing influence upon the language. (67 words)  Original was 250 words.

22. Practice Assignment • Write a summary of the article from today’s class (Based on your notes). • Deadline: Friday (11:59 pm) • Send to: kachomework@gmail.com • Subject: FOW practice summary • File name: NAME_practsumm • i.e., Tony_practsumm